sexual dimorphism
- Variation in sexual brain size dimorphism over the breeding cycle in the three-spined stickleback
Summary: Sex-specific changes in brain size over the breeding cycle in the three-spined stickleback may be the reason for varying estimates of sexual brain size dimorphism across studies of this species.
- Linking developmental diet to adult foraging choice in Drosophila melanogaster
Summary: Drosophila melanogaster shows sexual dimorphism in the effect of developmental diet on adult foraging choice, and life-stage dependency of the effects of diet on lifespan.
- The effect of air resistance on the jump performance of a small parasitoid wasp, Anagyrus pseudococci (Encyrtidae)
Summary: In a small sexually dimorphic parasitoid wasp, smaller males pay a higher penalty of air resistance during take-off jumps. Nevertheless, both sexes achieve outstanding jump heights compared with their body size.
- Nutrient intake determines post-maturity molting in the golden orb-web spider Nephila pilipes (Araneae: Araneidae)
Summary: Nutrition determines post-maturity molting (PMM) in the orb-web spider Nephila pilipes, suggesting PMM may have evolved as an adaptation to diverse foraging conditions during range expansion.
- Contrasting effects of increased yolk testosterone content on development and oxidative status in gull embryos
Summary: Increased yolk testosterone concentration in yellow-legged gulls promotes body mass growth of embryos but reduces brain size. Moreover, sex differences in brain size exist among control embryos.
- Testosterone activates sexual dimorphism including male-typical carotenoid but not melanin plumage pigmentation in a female bird
Highlighted Article: Female red-backed fairy-wrens express male-typical traits in response to exogenous and endogenous testosterone, including carotenoid-pigmented plumage, darkened bill and an enlarged sperm storage organ, but are constrained in production of melanin-pigmented plumage.
- Differential sex-specific walking kinematics in leghorn chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) selectively bred for different body size
Summary: In two size classes of layer chicken, sexually dimorphic walking kinematics is linked to the differential muscle force, work and power demands of varied visceral and muscle proportions.
- Sexual differences in exploration behavior in Xenopus tropicalis?
Summary: Differences in exploration behavior exist between male and female frogs, with males exploring novel environments more than females; this behavior is decoupled from performance in both sexes.
- Species-specific loss of sexual dimorphism in vocal effectors accompanies vocal simplification in African clawed frogs (Xenopus)
Highlighted article: How do nervous systems change evolutionarily to generate species-specific behaviors? The simplified male courtship songs of a frog, Xenopus borealis, reflect feminization of the larynx and its connection to the brain.