running
- Rethinking the evolution of the human foot: insights from experimental research
Summary: Recent biomechanical models of human foot function and experimental locomotion data from great apes suggest that the human foot evolved to facilitate both bipedal walking and running.
- Update and extension of the ‘equivalent slope’ of speed-changing level locomotion in humans: a computational model for shuttle running
Summary: A revision/update of the ‘equivalent slope’ concept to estimate the metabolic cost of level locomotion at unsteady speed, and its application via a computational model to shuttle running.
- Scaling of avian bipedal locomotion reveals independent effects of body mass and leg posture on gait
Summary: We review how body size and leg morphology influence walking and running gaits across 21 species of birds spanning a >2500× range in mass from painted quail to ostrich.
- High activity before breeding improves reproductive performance by enhancing mitochondrial function and biogenesis
Summary: Female mice that had access to a running wheel before mating had higher mitochondria respiration, biogenesis and reproductive outputs, indicating a positive carry-over effect to reproduction.
- Consequences of lost endings: caudal autotomy as a lens for focusing attention on tail function during locomotion
Summary: We develop a framework for thinking about how tail loss can affect fitness through its effects on locomotion, and review results from past studies to inform and support this framework.
- The rebound of the body during uphill and downhill running at different speeds
Summary: When running uphill or downhill, the bouncing mechanism of running progressively disappears with slope and speed to contain the increase in muscular power necessary to overcome the slope.
- Modulation of work and power by the human lower-limb joints with increasing steady-state locomotion speed
Summary: Faster steady-state locomotion speeds are not achieved by proportional increases in lower-limb joint work and average power.
- Western and Clark's grebes use novel strategies for running on water
Highlighted article: As the largest water-running animals, western and Clark's grebes use three novel strategies to produce the hydrodynamic forces necessary to stay above the water surface.
- Effect of temperature on leg kinematics in sprinting tarantulas (Aphonopelma hentzi): high speed may limit hydraulic joint actuation
Highlighted Article: Tarantulas extend their leg joints hydraulically. The coupling between in-series, hydraulically actuated joints was lowest at the highest temperature when the animals ran the fastest with the highest stride frequencies. The coordination of multiple, in-series hydraulically actuated joints may be limited by operating speed.