hypothalamus
- In vitro insulin treatment reverses changes elicited by nutrients in cellular metabolic processes that regulate food intake in fish
Summary: Insulin does not directly modulate glucose- and fatty acid-sensing systems in the rainbow trout hypothalamus and hindbrain, but counteracts the changes elicited by nutrients.
- Eccentric resistance training and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid affects muscle PGC-1α expression and serum irisin, nesfatin-1 and resistin in rats
Summary: Eccentric resistance training and HMB-FA supplementation may induce crosstalk between peptide release from other tissues and increase maximal muscle strength; the combination of the two interventions has a greater effect than either does alone.
- Ceramide counteracts the effects of ghrelin on the metabolic control of food intake in rainbow trout
Summary: The effects of ghrelin on metabolic control of food intake in rainbow trout are counteracted by ceramide.
- Dietary fat alters the response of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y to subsequent energy intake in broiler chickens
Summary: Hypothalamus-based self-adjustment in response to dietary fat can vary among lean and fat individuals, and depends upon whole-body energy reserves and feeding experience.
- Dopaminergic inhibition of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni
Summary: Dopamine controls reproduction at multiple sites along the hypothalamic-pituitary–gonadal axis; in teleost fish, D2 receptors drive inhibition of hypothalamic GnRH1 neurons, a mechanism likely to be conserved across vertebrates.
- Actions of sex steroids on kisspeptin expression and other reproduction-related genes in the brain of the teleost fish European sea bass
Summary: Kisspeptins are attributed to be key factors in mediating gonadal steroid feedback in mammalian hypothalamus and in the teleost fish sea bass, suggesting that this property is conserved across vertebrates.
- In vitro evidence supports the presence of glucokinase-independent glucosensing mechanisms in hypothalamus and hindbrain of rainbow trout
Summary: The presence and activity of glucokinase-independent glucosensing mechanisms in fish brain regions provide new and relevant information regarding metabolic regulation of food intake and counter-regulatory mechanisms to restore plasma levels of metabolites in fish.
- Stress in Atlantic salmon: response to unpredictable chronic stress
Summary: The unpredictable chronic stressor (UCS) paradigm, which mimics the effects of multiple stressors, causes dynamic changes at every level of the hypothalamic–pituitary gland–interrenal gland (HPI) axis of Atlantic salmon parr.