Hypercarbia
- Water pH limits extracellular but not intracellular pH compensation in the CO2-tolerant freshwater fish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus
Summary: Low water pH limits extracellular pH compensation in a CO2-tolerant fish. This may increase selection for a more robust CO2 defence strategy where intracellular pH is preferentially regulated.
- Preferential intracellular pH regulation: hypotheses and perspectives
Summary: Preferential intracellular pH regulation confers exceptional tolerance to a severe acute respiratory acidosis. This trait may represent a basal pattern of acid–base regulation used by developing vertebrates that is lost or retained in adults.
- Embryonic common snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) preferentially regulate intracellular tissue pH during acid–base challenges
Summary: Embryonic turtles preferentially regulate tissue pH in the absence of blood pH regulation during acid–base disturbances. This pattern of acid–base regulation has never been observed before in amniotes.
- Control of lung ventilation following overwintering conditions in bullfrogs, Lithobates catesbeianus
Summary: Following ventilatory inactivity during winter submergence, bullfrogs can match breathing to metabolism and increase ventilation during hypoxia, but have reduced responses to hypercarbia when acutely transitioned to a warm-terrestrial environment.
- Interaction of osmoregulatory and acid–base compensation in white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) during exposure to aquatic hypercarbia and elevated salinity
Summary: Acidosis recovery in hypercapnic sturgeon associates with plasma Na+ accumulation prior to and plasma Cl− removal following osmotic recovery, as osmoregulatory requirements transition from ion uptake to ion excretion throughout seawater acclimation.