ground reaction force
- Motor control of an insect leg during level and incline walking
Highlighted Article: In stick insect hindlegs, muscle activity is adjusted to different mechanical demands during walking, primarily early in stance. Adjustments strongly affect forces/torques but not kinematics and suggest step-by-step control.
- External mechanical work done during the acceleration stage of maximal sprint running and its association with running performance
Summary: In accelerated sprint running over 50 m, work done at every step mainly consists of that during the propulsive phase in the horizontal anterior–posterior direction.
- Waddle and shuffle: gait alterations associated with domestication in turkeys
Summary: Selection has resulted in domestic turkeys that are three times more massive than wild birds, leading to decreased locomotor speeds, an altered center of mass position and a shuffling gait.
- Propulsion in hexapod locomotion: how do desert ants traverse slopes?
Summary: Analysis of the alternating tripod gait of desert ants together with ground reaction forces and weight-specific leg impulses during inclined locomotion reveals the mechanical function of the hind legs as the main brake on downslopes (–60 and –30 deg) and the front legs as the main motor on steep upslopes (+60 deg).