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functional morphology

  • SHORT COMMUNICATION
    The bite force–gape relationship as an avenue of biomechanical adaptation to trophic niche in two salmonid fishes
    Elska B. Kaczmarek, Nicholas J. Gidmark
    Journal of Experimental Biology 2020 223: jeb223180 doi: 10.1242/jeb.223180 Published 29 October 2020

    Summary: The jaw muscles of two salmon species produce maximum bite force at different gape sizes, highlighting muscle physiology as an important axis of functional feeding variation.

  • RESEARCH ARTICLE
    Oil gland and oil pores in billfishes: in search of a function
    F. Dhellemmes, M. J. Hansen, S. D. Bouet, J. J. Videler, P. Domenici, J. F. Steffensen, T. Hildebrandt, G. Fritsch, P. Bach, P. S. Sabarros, A. Krüger, R. H. J. M. Kurvers, J. Krause
    Journal of Experimental Biology 2020 223: jeb224956 doi: 10.1242/jeb.224956 Published 7 October 2020

    Summary: Analysis of the oil gland in billfishes suggests the oil serves multiple, non-mutually exclusive functions, including hydrodynamic, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, and a role in predatory behaviour, shock absorption, buoyancy and vision.

  • RESEARCH ARTICLE
    Morphology and performance of the ‘trap-jaw’ cheliceral strikes in spiders (Araneae, Mecysmaucheniidae)
    Hannah M. Wood
    Journal of Experimental Biology 2020 223: jeb219899 doi: 10.1242/jeb.219899 Published 27 July 2020

    Highlighted Article: The ultra-fast cheliceral strike of mecysmaucheniid spiders, the fastest documented movement among arachnids, is achieved via shifts in the shape of external structures and shifts in muscle anatomy towards increased specialization.

  • RESEARCH ARTICLE
    Mechanical fatigue fractures bivalve shells
    R. L. Crane, M. W. Denny
    Journal of Experimental Biology 2020 223: jeb220277 doi: 10.1242/jeb.220277 Published 27 May 2020

    Highlighted Article: Chronic or repeated subcritical forces weaken and fracture mussel shells. The scale of this mechanical fatigue provides ecological insight into the forces that can break mussel shells.

  • RESEARCH ARTICLE
    A salamander that chews using complex, three-dimensional mandible movements
    Daniel Schwarz, Nicolai Konow, Yonas Tolosa Roba, Egon Heiss
    Journal of Experimental Biology 2020 223: jeb220749 doi: 10.1242/jeb.220749 Published 6 March 2020

    Summary: 3D kinematics and morphological analysis reveal that the paedomorphic salamander Siren intermedia uses complex 3D chewing, suggesting that such mechanisms might have evolved early in the tetrapod evolution.

  • RESEARCH ARTICLE
    The mechanics of air breathing in gray tree frog tadpoles, Hyla versicolor (Anura: Hylidae)
    Jackson R. Phillips, Amanda E. Hewes, Kurt Schwenk
    Journal of Experimental Biology 2020 223: jeb219311 doi: 10.1242/jeb.219311 Published 5 March 2020

    Summary: Tadpoles suck bubbles from the water's surface to breathe air, but gray tree frog tadpoles suck two bubbles. Double bubble-sucking prevents mixing of expired and inspired airstreams, increasing respiratory efficiency.

  • RESEARCH ARTICLE
    Cranial kinesis in the miniaturised lizard Ablepharus kitaibelii (Squamata: Scincidae)
    Stephan Handschuh, Nikolay Natchev, Stefan Kummer, Christian J. Beisser, Patrick Lemell, Anthony Herrel, Vladislav Vergilov
    Journal of Experimental Biology 2019 222: jeb198291 doi: 10.1242/jeb.198291 Published 10 May 2019

    Summary: Investigation of cranial kinesis in the miniaturised lizard Ablepharus kitaibelii provides the first experimental evidence for mesokinesis in a member of the Scincidae.

  • RESEARCH ARTICLE
    Hydrodynamic function of dorsal fins in spiny dogfish and bamboo sharks during steady swimming
    Anabela Maia, George V. Lauder, Cheryl D. Wilga
    Journal of Experimental Biology 2017 220: 3967-3975; doi: 10.1242/jeb.152215

    Summary: The function of dorsal fins varies among shark species, and these fins can act in either a stabilizing or thrust-generating role.

  • RESEARCH ARTICLE
    Mechanical properties of sediment determine burrowing success and influence distribution of two lugworm species
    R. L. Crane, R. A. Merz
    Journal of Experimental Biology 2017 220: 3248-3259; doi: 10.1242/jeb.156760

    Summary: Field-based measurements link distribution of two ecosystem engineer lugworm species with the mechanical properties of the sediment, their differential burrowing success and morphological features.

  • RESEARCH ARTICLE
    The evolution of jaw protrusion mechanics is tightly coupled to bentho-pelagic divergence in damselfishes (Pomacentridae)
    W. James Cooper, Casey B. Carter, Andrew J. Conith, Aaron N. Rice, Mark W. Westneat
    Journal of Experimental Biology 2017 220: 652-666; doi: 10.1242/jeb.143115

    Summary: Evolutionary analyses of both form and function in damselfishes demonstrate tight linkage between jaw protrusion ability and the repeated convergence on predominantly benthic or predominantly pelagic feeding niches.

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