Table 1.

Population and temperature effects on ethanol and acetic acid tolerances, enzyme activities and gene expression

	Fixed effect
	Population		T_Rear		T_Expose (T_Rear)		Pop×T_Rear		Pop×T_Expose (T_Rear)
Trait	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P
Acetic acid tolerance	0.07		23.16	−−−−	2.19		0.40		0.44
Ethanol tolerance	12.35	+++	45.26	++++	41.96	****	0.37		0.77
AcCoAS activity (EC 6.2.1.1)	3.71		28.99	++++	3.38	*	1.23		1.86
AcCoAS expression (CG9390)	5.73	+	9.52	++	3.25	*	3.26		0.71
CG6432 (putative AcCoAS)	21.59	+++	10.53	++	55.62	****	2.60		0.14
CG8732 (putative AcCoAS)	2.72		37.76	++++	1.43		0.31		0.89
ADH activity (EC 1.1.1.1)	51.81	++++	291.2	++++	9.88	****	7.77	**	1.60
Adh expression (CG3481)	11.58	++	0.17		5.38	**	0.33		1.67
ALDH activity (EC 1.2.1.3)	0.56		3.07		6.27	**	17.63	****	0.32
Aldh expression (CG3752)	0.50		90.14	−−−−	1.09		0.63		0.48
Cdpet expression (CG6016)	0.03		24.12	++++	4.85	**	5.07	*	0.60
desatl expression (CG5887)	0.57		18.17	++++	1.09		1.66		1.16
Pect expression (CG5547)	1.82		8.24	++	0.24		0.60		0.62
PLD activity (EC 3.1.4.4)	0.05		48.02	++++	4.76	**	5.09	*	0.91
Pld expression (CG12110)	1.89		4.62	+	6.95	**	2.40		0.6
Sply expression (CG8946)	5.65	+	4.82	+	18.98	****	3.25		0.24
Srebp expression (CG8522)	1.92		6.50	−	1.44		0.94		0.57
wunen expression (CG8804)	0.00		5.99	−	7.63	***	1.68		0.02

The number of symbols indicates the level of significance from mixed model ANOVAs; +, increased values in Tasmania or 26°C reared flies, −, increased values in Innisfail or 15°C reared flies;^* significant at ^*P<0.05, ^**P<0.01, ^***P<0.001, ^****P<0.0001.

CG numbers are gene identifiers (FlyBase Consortium, 2003).