RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 An Apparatus For Measuring The Propulsive Forces Of The Locomotory Muscles Of The Earthworm And Other Animals
JF Journal of Experimental Biology
JO J. Exp. Biol.
FD The Company of Biologists Ltd
SP 518
OP 521
VO 15
IS 4
A1 GRAY, J.
A1 LISSMANN, H. W.
YR 1938
UL http://jeb.biologists.org/content/15/4/518.abstract
AB 1. An apparatus is described whereby it is possible to measure the propulsive forces generated during the locomotion of small terrestrial animals. 2. It is shown that the propulsive thrust of the circular muscles and the tractive force of the longitudinal muscles of an earthworm are approximately equal to each other and vary from 2 to 8 g. according to the size and activity of the worm. 3. The total frictional resistance overcome by a worm 25 cm. in length (when fully extended), moving at an average velocity of 0.4 cm. per sec., is approximately 8 g.