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Review
Do aquatic ectotherms perform better under hypoxia after warm acclimation?
Michael Collins, Manuela Truebano, Wilco C. E. P. Verberk, John I. Spicer
Journal of Experimental Biology 2021 224: jeb232512 doi: 10.1242/jeb.232512 Published 4 February 2021
Michael Collins
1Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, PL4 8AA, UK
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  • ORCID record for Michael Collins
  • For correspondence: michael.collins@plymouth.ac.uk
Manuela Truebano
1Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, PL4 8AA, UK
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Wilco C. E. P. Verberk
2Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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John I. Spicer
1Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, PL4 8AA, UK
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ABSTRACT

Aquatic animals increasingly encounter environmental hypoxia due to climate-related warming and/or eutrophication. Although acute warming typically reduces performance under hypoxia, the ability of organisms to modulate hypoxic performance via thermal acclimation is less understood. Here, we review the literature and ask whether hypoxic performance of aquatic ectotherms improves following warm acclimation. Interpretation of thermal acclimation effects is limited by reliance on data from experiments that are not designed to directly test for beneficial or detrimental effects on hypoxic performance. Most studies have tested hypoxic responses exclusively at test temperatures matching organisms' acclimation temperatures, precluding the possibility of distinguishing between acclimation and acute thermal effects. Only a few studies have applied appropriate methodology to identify beneficial thermal acclimation effects on hypoxic performance, i.e. acclimation to different temperatures prior to determining hypoxic responses at standardised test temperatures. These studies reveal that acute warming predominantly impairs hypoxic performance, whereas warm acclimation tends to be either beneficial or have no effect. If this generalises, we predict that warm-acclimated individuals in some species should outperform non-acclimated individuals under hypoxia. However, acclimation seems to only partially offset acute warming effects; therefore, aquatic ectotherms will probably display overall reduced hypoxic performance in the long term. Drawing on the appropriate methodology, future studies can quantify the ability of organisms to modulate hypoxic performance via (reversible) thermal acclimation and unravel the underlying mechanisms. Testing whether developmental acclimation and multigenerational effects allow for a more complete compensation is essential to allow us to predict species' resilience to chronically warmer, hypoxic environments.

Footnotes

  • Competing interests

    The authors declare no competing or financial interests.

  • Funding

    M.C., M.T and J.I.S. were funded by the School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth. W.C.E.P.V. gratefully acknowledges funding from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO-VIDI 016.161.321).

  • © 2021. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd
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Keywords

  • Dissolved oxygen
  • Critical oxygen tension
  • Thermal acclimation
  • OCLTT
  • Climate change
  • Metabolic rate

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Review
Do aquatic ectotherms perform better under hypoxia after warm acclimation?
Michael Collins, Manuela Truebano, Wilco C. E. P. Verberk, John I. Spicer
Journal of Experimental Biology 2021 224: jeb232512 doi: 10.1242/jeb.232512 Published 4 February 2021
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Review
Do aquatic ectotherms perform better under hypoxia after warm acclimation?
Michael Collins, Manuela Truebano, Wilco C. E. P. Verberk, John I. Spicer
Journal of Experimental Biology 2021 224: jeb232512 doi: 10.1242/jeb.232512 Published 4 February 2021

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Article navigation

  • Top
  • Article
    • ABSTRACT
    • Introduction
    • Testing for beneficial effects of thermal acclimation on hypoxic performance
    • Hypoxic performance of non-acclimated individuals
    • Hypoxic performance of acclimated individuals
    • Will thermal acclimation prevent reductions in hypoxic performance of aquatic ectotherms in a chronically warming world?
    • Future directions
    • Conclusions
    • Acknowledgements
    • Footnotes
    • References
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