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Research Article
Ambient temperature affects multiple drivers of physiology and behaviour: adaptation for timely departure of obligate spring migrants
Sayantan Sur, Khushboo Chaturvedi, Aakansha Sharma, Shalie Malik, Sangeeta Rani, Vinod Kumar
Journal of Experimental Biology 2020 223: jeb236109 doi: 10.1242/jeb.236109 Published 21 December 2020
Sayantan Sur
1Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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Khushboo Chaturvedi
2Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
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Aakansha Sharma
1Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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Shalie Malik
2Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
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Sangeeta Rani
2Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
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Vinod Kumar
1Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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  • For correspondence: drvkumar11@yahoo.com
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ABSTRACT

We investigated the role of ambient temperature in departure from wintering areas of migratory black-headed buntings in spring. Birds transferred at 22 and 35°C to long days were compared with one another and with controls held on short days for indices of readiness to migrate (Zugunruhe, fattening, mass gain), levels of testosterone and gonadal recrudescence. Temperature affected the development of migratory behaviour and physiology: buntings under long days at 35°C, compared with those at 22°C, showed altered migratory behaviour (daily activity and Zugunruhe onset), and enhanced muscle growth and plasma testosterone levels, but showed no effect on testis growth. Temperature was perceived at both peripheral and central levels, and affected multiple molecular drivers culminating into the migratory phenotype. This was evidenced by post-mortem comparison of the expression of 13 genes with known functions in the skin (temperature-sensitive TRP channels: trpv4 and trpm8), hypothalamus and/or midbrain (migration-linked genes: th, ddc, adcyap1 and vps13a) and flight muscles (muscle growth associated genes: ar, srd5a3, pvalb, mtor, myod, mstn and hif1a). In photostimulated birds, the expression of trpv4 in skin, th in the hypothalamus and midbrain, and srd5a3, ar, pvalb and mtor in flight muscle, in parallel with testosterone levels, was greater at 35°C than at 22°C. These results demonstrate the role of ambient temperature in development of the spring migration phenotype, and suggest that transcriptional responsiveness to temperature is a component of the overall adaptive strategy in latitudinal songbird migrants for timely departure from wintering areas in spring.

Footnotes

  • Competing interests

    The authors declare no competing or financial interests.

  • Author contributions

    Conceptualization: V.K.; Methodology: S.S., K.C., S.M., S.R., V.K.; Validation: S.S., A.S.; Formal analysis: S.S., K.C., A.S., S.M.; Investigation: S.S., K.C., S.M., S.R., V.K.; Resources: S.R., V.K.; Data curation: S.S.; Writing - original draft: S.S., A.S., S.M., S.R., V.K.; Writing - review & editing: V.K.; Visualization: V.K.; Supervision: S.R., V.K.; Project administration: V.K.; Funding acquisition: S.R., V.K.

  • Funding

    Funds were provided through a major research grant (BT/PR4984/MED/30/752/2012) from the Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, to V.K. and S.R. The experimental facility was built under the IRHPA grant support (IR/SO/LU-2005) from the Department of Science and Technology and SERB. S.S. and A.S. received research fellowships from the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi.

  • Supplementary information

    Supplementary information available online at https://jeb.biologists.org/lookup/doi/10.1242/jeb.236109.supplemental

  • Received August 20, 2020.
  • Accepted November 2, 2020.
  • © 2020. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd
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Keywords

  • Gene expression
  • Hypothalamus
  • Muscle
  • Photoperiod
  • Skin
  • Emberiza melanocephala

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Research Article
Ambient temperature affects multiple drivers of physiology and behaviour: adaptation for timely departure of obligate spring migrants
Sayantan Sur, Khushboo Chaturvedi, Aakansha Sharma, Shalie Malik, Sangeeta Rani, Vinod Kumar
Journal of Experimental Biology 2020 223: jeb236109 doi: 10.1242/jeb.236109 Published 21 December 2020
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Research Article
Ambient temperature affects multiple drivers of physiology and behaviour: adaptation for timely departure of obligate spring migrants
Sayantan Sur, Khushboo Chaturvedi, Aakansha Sharma, Shalie Malik, Sangeeta Rani, Vinod Kumar
Journal of Experimental Biology 2020 223: jeb236109 doi: 10.1242/jeb.236109 Published 21 December 2020

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