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Research Article
Exposure to artificial wind increases energy intake and reproductive performance of female Swiss mice (Mus musculus) in hot temperatures
Guang-Min Deng, Jing-Xin Yu, Jia-Qi Xu, Yu-Fan Bao, Qian Chen, Jing Cao, Zhi-Jun Zhao
Journal of Experimental Biology 2020 223: jeb231415 doi: 10.1242/jeb.231415 Published 3 September 2020
Guang-Min Deng
Department of Biology, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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Jing-Xin Yu
Department of Biology, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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Jia-Qi Xu
Department of Biology, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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Yu-Fan Bao
Department of Biology, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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Qian Chen
Department of Biology, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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Jing Cao
Department of Biology, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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Zhi-Jun Zhao
Department of Biology, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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  • ORCID record for Zhi-Jun Zhao
  • For correspondence: zhaozj@wzu.edu.cn zhao73@foxmail.com
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ABSTRACT

High temperatures and heatwaves are rapidly emerging as an important threat to many aspects of physiology and behavior in females during lactation. The body's capacity to dissipate heat is reduced by high ambient temperatures, increasing the risk of hyperthermia. Exposure to wind, a pervasive environmental factor for most terrestrial animals, is known to increase heat loss, but its effects on the reproductive performance of small mammals remains unclear. In the present study, the effects of wind on the energy budgets, resting metabolic rate and milk energy output (MEO) were measured in lactating Swiss mice at 21 and 32.5°C. Females kept at 32.5°C had a significantly lower resting metabolic rate, food intake and MEO, and lighter offspring, than those kept at 21°C. However, exposure to wind increased the asymptotic food intake of females kept at 32.5°C by 22.5% (P<0.01), their MEO by 20.7% (P<0.05) and their litter mass by 17.6% (P<0.05). The body temperature of females kept at 32.5°C was significantly higher during lactation than that of females kept at 21°C, but this difference was reduced by exposure to wind. These findings suggest that exposure to wind considerably improves reproductive performance, increasing the fitness of small mammals while undergoing hot temperatures during heatwaves.

Footnotes

  • Competing interests

    All authors declare no conflicts of interest and have approved the final version of the manuscript.

  • Author contributions

    Methodology: G.-M.D., J.-X.Y., J.-Q.X., Y.-F.B., Q.C., Z.-J.Z.; Formal analysis: G.-M.D., J.C., Z.-J.Z.; Investigation: G.-M.D., J.-Q.X., Q.C., Z.-J.Z.; Data curation: J.-X.Y., Y.-F.B., J.C., Z.-J.Z.; Writing - original draft: G.-M.D., Z.-J.Z.; Writing - review & editing: Z.-J.Z.; Supervision: Z.-J.Z.

  • Funding

    This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31670417, 31870388) and partly supported by Research Grants for Students (KZS1910049, 2018kx181, 2019kx171) and the Graduate Scientific Research Foundation of Wenzhou University (3162018037, 615819123).

  • Supplementary information

    Supplementary information available online at https://jeb.biologists.org/lookup/doi/10.1242/jeb.231415.supplemental

  • Received June 16, 2020.
  • Accepted July 7, 2020.
  • © 2020. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd
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Keywords

  • Energy budget
  • Heat dissipation
  • Hot temperature
  • Lactation
  • Reproductive performance
  • Swiss mice
  • Wind

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Research Article
Exposure to artificial wind increases energy intake and reproductive performance of female Swiss mice (Mus musculus) in hot temperatures
Guang-Min Deng, Jing-Xin Yu, Jia-Qi Xu, Yu-Fan Bao, Qian Chen, Jing Cao, Zhi-Jun Zhao
Journal of Experimental Biology 2020 223: jeb231415 doi: 10.1242/jeb.231415 Published 3 September 2020
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Research Article
Exposure to artificial wind increases energy intake and reproductive performance of female Swiss mice (Mus musculus) in hot temperatures
Guang-Min Deng, Jing-Xin Yu, Jia-Qi Xu, Yu-Fan Bao, Qian Chen, Jing Cao, Zhi-Jun Zhao
Journal of Experimental Biology 2020 223: jeb231415 doi: 10.1242/jeb.231415 Published 3 September 2020

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