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Figures
- Fig. 1.
Neural thresholds for sounds in moths. (A) Example recording of the auditory nerve in the noctuid moth Heliothis virescens (top traces=nerve, bottom traces=sound stimuli). A1 and A2 spikes are marked in insets with blue and red dots, respectively. (B) Audiogram of A1 and A2 cell thresholds for the noctuid moth H. virescens (left panel, N=18 moths) and individuals of multiple noctuid and erebid moth species (right panel, N=19 moths). See Materials and methods for species and sample sizes. Points are means. Error bars are s.d.
- Fig. 2.
Intensity–response curves for A cell activity in moths. (A) Intensity–response curves for 50 kHz sound pulses of four durations for the noctuid moth Heliothis virescens (N=8 moths). Top panel: the total number of A cell spikes per sound pulse (i.e. A1+A2 cell spikes). (C) The number of A cell spikes plotted independently by pulse duration and cell type (blue points, A1 spikes; red points, A2 spikes; black points, A1+A2 spikes). (B,D) The same data as in A and C but for moths of various noctuid and erebid species (N=20 moths). See Materials and methods for species and sample sizes. Points are means. Error bars are s.d.
- Fig. 3.
A1 cell saturation ranges. (A) Intensity–response curve for the moth Raphia frater illustrating the saturation range (range of intensities for which the number of A1 spikes per pulse does not change with increasing sound amplitude below the A2 threshold). Stimuli were 2 ms pulses of 50 kHz. (B) The mean saturation range (dB) (top panels) and the mean number of A1 spikes per pulse within the saturation range (bottom panels) for sound pulses of four different durations (Heliothis virescens N=8 moths; various moth species N=20 moths). For example, in A, the number of A1 spikes per pulse within the saturation range is 4. Different letters within the bars indicate statistically significant differences (repeated-measures ANOVA, P<0.01). See Materials and methods for moth species and sample sizes. Error bars are s.d.
- Fig. 4.
A1 cell interspike intervals across the saturation range. The mean for the first A1 interspike interval (time from the first A1 spike to the second A1 spike) (top panels) and the mean of the first three A1 interspike intervals (bottom panels) for pulse numbers 1–4 within the saturation range (Heliothis virescens N=8 moths; various moth species N=20 moths). Stimuli were 2 ms pulses of 50 kHz. Different letters within the bars indicate statistically significant differences (repeated-measures ANOVA, P<0.01). See Materials and methods for species and sample sizes. Error bars are s.d.
- Fig. 5.
A1 and A2 cell thresholds for four sound pulse durations. Heliothis virescens N=8 moths; various moth species N=20 moths. Different letters above the bars indicate statistically significant differences (repeated-measures ANOVA, P<0.01). See Materials and methods for species and sample sizes. Values are means. Error bars are s.d.
- Fig. 6.
Intensity–response curves for the bat-like pulse sequences. (A) The mean number of A1 and A2 spikes per pulse for sequences of pulses in the timing of bat search- or approach-phase echolocation calls (N=10 moths). See Materials and methods for moth species and species sample sizes. (B) Same as A but for the moth Catocala habilis showing the saturation ranges. Error bars are s.d.
- Fig. 7.
Difference in the number of A1 spikes for the first and last pulse in the bat-like pulse sequences. The difference in A1 spikes increased with amplitude for the approach sequence but not for the search sequence (N=10 moths). See Materials and methods for moth species and species sample sizes.
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