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Figures
- Fig. 1.
Desiccation tolerance of Acutuncus antarcticus. (A) Percentage of animal viability 1 h (t1) and 24 h (t24; final survival) after rehydration. (B) Hatching success of both early and late development eggs after desiccation and rehydration. Data are means±s.d.
- Fig. 2.
Thermo-tolerance of A. antarcticus: viability trends of animals under heat stress. Viability evaluated immediately after the end of thermal stress (t0), after 1 h (t1) and after 24 h (t24) is reported. For each tested temperature value, the mean percentage of animal viability and its standard deviation are reported.
- Fig. 3.
Radiation tolerance of A. antarcticus: viability trends of animals after exposure to increasing doses of UV radiation. (A) Hydrated animals. Viability evaluated immediately after the end of the stress (t0), after 1 h (t1) and after 24 h (t24) is reported. (B) Desiccated animals. Viability evaluated immediately after the end of rehydration (t0), after 1 h (t1) and after 24 h (t24) is reported. For each tested UV dose, the mean percentage of animal viability and its standard deviation are shown.
- Fig. 4.
Percentage of viable animals of A. antarcticus after exposure to the LD50 UV doses under two different temperature values. (A) Hydrated animals. Viability evaluated immediately after the end of the combined stresses (t0), after 1 h (t1) and after 24 h (t24) is reported. (B) Desiccated animals. Viability evaluated immediately after the end of rehydration (t0), after 1 h (t1) and after 24 h (t24) is reported. Data are means±s.d.
- Fig. 5.
Hatching features of both early and late development eggs of A. antarcticus after UV irradiation at two different doses. (A) Hatching success. (B) Hatching time. Data are means±s.d. **P<0.01.
- Fig. 6.
Features of unhatched eggs of A. antarcticus after UV irradiation. (A) Egg without the presence of an embryo. (B) Egg with the outlines of the embryonic claws (arrow). Scale bars: 10 μm (phase contrast).
- Fig. 7.
Morphological defects in A. antarcticus specimens born from irradiated eggs and in their offspring. (A) Anterior region of an animal (generation 1) with the right eyespot only. (B) In toto specimen (generation 1) showing a swelling on the back of its body (asterisk). (C) In toto specimen (generation 1) with a ventral swelling (asterisk), and the supernumerary claws (arrow). (D) Magnification of the supernumerary claws. (E) The fourth pair of legs (generation 2), showing a half of the double claw missing on the right leg (arrow). Scale bars: (A,C–E) 10 µm (phase contrast); (B) 50 µm [differential interference contrast (Nomarski)].
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