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Research Article
Interactions between corticosterone phenotype, environmental stressor pervasiveness and irruptive movement-related survival in the cane toad
Tim S. Jessop, Jonathan Webb, Tim Dempster, Benjamin Feit, Mike Letnic
Journal of Experimental Biology 2018 221: jeb187930 doi: 10.1242/jeb.187930 Published 12 December 2018
Tim S. Jessop
1Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Victoria, 3220, Australia
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  • ORCID record for Tim S. Jessop
  • For correspondence: t.jessop@deakin.edu.au
Jonathan Webb
2School of the Environment, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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Tim Dempster
3School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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Benjamin Feit
4Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
5School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
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Mike Letnic
5School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
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ABSTRACT

Animals use irruptive movement to avoid exposure to stochastic and pervasive environmental stressors that impact fitness. Beneficial irruptive movements transfer individuals from high-stress areas (conferring low fitness) to alternative localities that may improve survival or reproduction. However, being stochastic, environmental stressors can limit an animal's preparatory capacity to enhance irruptive movement performance. Thus individuals must rely on pre-existing, or rapidly induced, physiological and behavioural responses. Rapid elevation of glucocorticoid hormones in response to environmental stressors are widely implicated in adjusting physiological and behaviour processes that could influence irruptive movement capacity. However, there remains little direct evidence demonstrating that corticosterone-regulated movement performance or interaction with pervasiveness of environmental stress, confers adaptive movement outcomes. Here, we compared how movement-related survival of cane toads (Rhinella marina) varied with three different experimental corticosterone phenotypes across four increments of increasing environmental stressor pervasiveness (i.e. distance from water in a semi-arid landscape). Our results indicated that toads with phenotypically increased corticosterone levels attained higher movement-related survival compared with individuals with control or lowered corticosterone phenotypes. However, the effects of corticosterone phenotypes on movement-related survival to some extent co-varied with stressor pervasiveness. Thus, our study demonstrates how the interplay between an individual's corticosterone phenotype and movement capacity alongside the arising costs of movement and the pervasiveness of the environmental stressor can affect survival outcomes.

FOOTNOTES

  • Competing interests

    The authors declare no competing or financial interests.

  • Author contributions

    Conceptualization: T.J., J.W., T.D., M.L., B.F.; Methodology: T.J., J.W., T.D., M.L., B.F.; Software: T.J.; Validation: T.J.; Formal analysis: T.J.; Investigation: T.J., J.W.; Resources: T.J., J.W.; Data curation: T.J.; Writing - original draft: T.J., B.F.; Writing - review & editing: T.J., M.L., B.F.; Visualization: T.J.; Supervision: T.J.; Project administration: T.J., T.D., M.L.; Funding acquisition: T.J.

  • Funding

    This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

  • Supplementary information

    Supplementary information available online at http://jeb.biologists.org/lookup/doi/10.1242/jeb.187930.supplemental

  • Received July 1, 2018.
  • Accepted October 19, 2018.
  • © 2018. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd
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Keywords

  • Phenotypic engineering
  • Glucocorticoids
  • Movement behaviour
  • Fitness
  • Stressor magnitude

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Research Article
Interactions between corticosterone phenotype, environmental stressor pervasiveness and irruptive movement-related survival in the cane toad
Tim S. Jessop, Jonathan Webb, Tim Dempster, Benjamin Feit, Mike Letnic
Journal of Experimental Biology 2018 221: jeb187930 doi: 10.1242/jeb.187930 Published 12 December 2018
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Research Article
Interactions between corticosterone phenotype, environmental stressor pervasiveness and irruptive movement-related survival in the cane toad
Tim S. Jessop, Jonathan Webb, Tim Dempster, Benjamin Feit, Mike Letnic
Journal of Experimental Biology 2018 221: jeb187930 doi: 10.1242/jeb.187930 Published 12 December 2018

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