INSIDE JEB
SHORT COMMUNICATIONS
- Energy metabolism and cellular homeostasis trade-offs provide the basis for a new type of sensitivity to ocean acidification in a marine polychaete at a high-CO2 vent: adenylate and phosphagen energy pools versus carbonic anhydrase
Summary: Evidence exists for a previously undocumented type of metabolic sensitivity to high PCO2 in a non-model marine invertebrate following an experiment conducted in situ at a high PCO2 vent site.
- Electrical aspects of the osmorespiratory compromise: TEP responses to hypoxia in the euryhaline killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) in freshwater and seawater
Summary: A previously undetected consequence of the osmorespiratory compromise is that acute hypoxia causes marked changes in gill transepithelial potential, which will affect ionoregulation in both freshwater and seawater killifish.
RESEARCH ARTICLES
- One antenna, two antennae, big antennae, small: total antennae length, not bilateral symmetry, predicts odor-tracking performance in the American cockroach Periplaneta americana
Summary: Plume tracking in Periplaneta americana does not require bilateral olfactory input. The total size of the olfactory sensory structure(s), not its bilateral symmetry, predicts the cockroach's tracking performance.
- Muscle contractile properties as an explanation of the higher mean power output in marmosets than humans during jumping
Summary: During jumping, the muscle mass-specific power of marmosets is more than twice that of humans. This difference in mechanical output in vivo is explained by differences in skeletal muscle contractile properties.
- Sprint sensitivity and locomotor trade-offs in green anole (Anolis carolinensis) lizards
Highlighted Article: Locomotor performance and its predictors can vary dramatically across substrates for the same individual, which should be considered in ecomorphological studies.
- Myoglobin oxygen affinity in aquatic and terrestrial birds and mammals
Summary: Myoglobin oxygen affinity varies among terrestrial and aquatic birds and mammals, with long-duration diving species having greater myoglobin oxygen affinity.
- Cross-training in birds: cold and exercise training produce similar changes in maximal metabolic output, muscle masses and myostatin expression in house sparrows (Passer domesticus)
Summary: Cold and exercise training in house sparrows increases thermogenic and exercise capacities and pectoralis masses and modifies expression of the myostatin system, consistent with a mechanistic role for myostatin down-regulation.
- Flight-motor-driven respiratory airflow increases tracheal oxygen to nearly atmospheric level in blowflies (Calliphora vicina)
Highlighted Article: Blowflies increase their tracheal oxygen concentration during flight above the resting level by a unidirectional autoventilatory airflow.
- Interactive effects of early and later nutritional conditions on the adult antioxidant defence system in zebra finches
Summary: Experimentally manipulating the intake of dietary antioxidants in young zebra finches shows that early-life nutrition can shape later-life antioxidant defences.
- Fluctuating temperatures and ectotherm growth: distinguishing non-linear and time-dependent effects
Summary: Growth rates measured at constant temperatures do not correctly predict mean growth under fluctuating conditions because of both non-linear and time-dependent effects. This has important implications for modeling ecological responses to climate change.
- Regional modulation of the response to glutathione in Hydra vulgaris
Summary: A functional analysis of GABAergic and glycinergic activity aimed at drawing a neurochemical map of Hydra signalling circuitry.
- How to know which food is good for you: bumblebees use taste to discriminate between different concentrations of food differing in nutrient content
Highlighted Article: Bumblebee workers are able to discriminate different concentrations of a food mixture and hence nutrients by using their sense of taste, which may enable them to individually regulate food intake.
- Diverse dose–response effects of yolk androgens on embryo development and nestling growth in a wild passerine
Summary: Yolk androgens in wild passerines show complex dose–response effects during early development, including both linear and non-linear responses for different traits.
- Amphibious hearing in ringed seals (Pusa hispida): underwater audiograms, aerial audiograms and critical ratio measurements
Summary: Psychophysical experiments with trained ringed seals show acute hearing abilities in both air and water, which are comparable to those of other phocid seals and considerably better than previously reported for this species.
- Diurnal oscillation of vocal development associated with clustered singing by juvenile songbirds
Summary: The zebra finch modulates its diurnal singing frequency and timing during development, which contributes to vocal diurnal oscillation. These dynamics are intrinsically regulated in social interaction- and auditory input-independent manners.
- Recombinant interleukin-1β dilates steelhead trout coronary microvessels: effect of temperature and role of the endothelium, nitric oxide and prostaglandins
Summary: The pro-inflammatory cytokine (r)interleukin-1β dilates isolated coronary microvessels of steelhead trout in a concentration-dependent manner: an effect that is not influenced by incubation at high temperature (20°C) and is partially mediated by prostaglandins.
- Snake constriction rapidly induces circulatory arrest in rats
Highlighted Article: Examination of the effect of snake constriction on rat cardiovascular function reveals support for circulatory arrest as the proximate cause of death in constricted prey, in contrast to previous ideas.
- Daily temperature extremes play an important role in predicting thermal effects
Summary: Different daily maximum temperatures under fluctuating thermal conditions impact life history traits in a manner that is not predictable from constant-temperature exposure.
- Evidence of ectoparasite-induced endocrine disruption in an imperiled giant salamander, the eastern hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis)
Summary: Parasitic leeches may be capable of modifying endocrine physiology of the giant hellbender salamander, one of the most unique and imperiled amphibians in North America.
- Visual ecology of directed aerial descent in first-instar nymphs of the stick insect Extatosoma tiaratum
Summary: Gliding stick insect nymphs use vertical contrast edges to locate landing targets and exhibit preference for shaded objects within a certain size range.
This issue
Other journals from The Company of Biologists
Editorial – The changing of the guard
In his Editorial, Hans Hoppeler announces that he will be stepping down as Editor-in-Chief of JEB in July 2020. He reflects on the history of JEB, why he has enjoyed his tenure as JEB’s Editor-in-Chief and the recent developments in the publishing world.
Big Biology podcast
JEB is partnering with the Big Biology podcast and in this sponsored episode, JEB Editor Michael Dickinson talks to the Big Biology team about the aerodynamic mechanisms of insect flight, how insects control flight with their tiny 100k neuron brain and his recent JEB paper showing how fruit flies navigate using the sun and polarized light as a compass.
Editors’ choice – An appetite for invasion: digestive physiology, thermal performance and food intake in lionfish (Pterois spp.)
Invasive lionfish are a colossal problem in the Mediterranean Sea and western Atlantic Ocean. Now it turns out that they are successful invaders because they invest more energy in digestion than moving about.
Travelling Fellowship – Anti-ageing in the Greenland Shark
Find out how Pierre Delaroche’s Travelling Fellowship grant from the Journal of Experimental Biology took him to Greenland, where he gathered data to further understand the ageing process in the longest-living vertebrate known to science. Don’t miss the next application deadline for 2020 travel, coming up on 29 November. Where will your research take you?
Commentary – Yank: the time derivative of force is an important biomechanical variable in sensorimotor systems
The derivative of force with respect to time does not have a standard term in physics. In their new Commentary, David C. Lin and his colleagues propose that the term ‘yank’ should be used to denote the time derivative of force.
Runners waste energy every time their legs stop swinging, but now a team of scientists from the US and Canada have shown that a springy ankle tether can reduce runners’ energy costs by 6.4%, which is nearly the entire cost of swinging the limbs. Read the full research article here.
Journal of Experimental Biology is pleased to announce a new partnership with Publons! This allows reviewers to easily track and verify every review by choosing to add the review to their Publons profile when completing the review submission form. Publons also makes it simple for reviewers to showcase their peer review contributions in a format that can be included in job and funding applications (without breaking reviewer anonymity). Read the official announcement here!
preLights – Oxygenation properties of hemoglobin and the evolutionary origins of isoform multiplicity in an amphibious air-breathing fish, the blue-spotted mudskipper (Boleophthalmus pectinirostris)
Charlotte Nelson highlights work in mudskippers suggesting that a diversity in expressed hemoglobin isoforms is not required for the switch between aquatic and aerial respiration.