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SPECIAL ISSUE: Biochemical adaptation: conservation and innovation in the face of environmental change
Guest Editors: Jason E. Podrabsky, Jonathon H. Stillman, Lars Tomanek
June, 2015; 218 (12)

EDITORIALS

  • You have accessSubscription required
    Biochemical adaptation: unity in principles, diversity in solutions
    Jason E. Podrabsky, Jonathon H. Stillman, Lars Tomanek
    Journal of Experimental Biology 2015 218: 1797-1798; doi: 10.1242/jeb.124479
  • You have accessSubscription required
    Celebrating the life and career (to date) of George Somero
    Kathryn Knight
    Journal of Experimental Biology 2015 218: 1799-1800; doi: 10.1242/jeb.125997

REVIEWS

  • You have accessSubscription required
    Adaptations of protein structure and function to temperature: there is more than one way to ‘skin a cat’
    Peter A. Fields, Yunwei Dong, Xianliang Meng, George N. Somero
    Journal of Experimental Biology 2015 218: 1801-1811; doi: 10.1242/jeb.114298

    Summary: Studies over the past 40 years have shown that one to a few amino acid substitutions are sufficient to alter enzyme function in temperature-adaptive ways, but that these substitutions can occur in a variety of locations throughout the protein.

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    The emerging role of RNA editing in plasticity
    Joshua J. C. Rosenthal
    Journal of Experimental Biology 2015 218: 1812-1821; doi: 10.1242/jeb.119065

    Summary: RNA editing can be used by organisms to regulate their physiological response to the environment. Recent studies show that it is used more frequently than previously suspected.

  • You have accessSubscription required
    The environmentally tuned transcriptomes of Mytilus mussels
    Brent L. Lockwood, Kwasi M. Connor, Andrew Y. Gracey
    Journal of Experimental Biology 2015 218: 1822-1833; doi: 10.1242/jeb.118190

    Summary: Abiotic factors, such as temperature and the tidal cycle, drive patterns of gene expression in Mytilus mussels that underlie whole-organism physiological states, which, in turn, influence biogeographic distributions.

  • You have accessSubscription required
    Antarctic notothenioid fish: what are the future consequences of ‘losses’ and ‘gains’ acquired during long-term evolution at cold and stable temperatures?
    Jody M. Beers, Nishad Jayasundara
    Journal of Experimental Biology 2015 218: 1834-1845; doi: 10.1242/jeb.116129

    Summary: Antarctic notothenioid fishes have undergone biochemical losses and gains during long-term adaptation to cold; the processes underlying thermal tolerance and acclimation capacity of these cold-specialized animals are examined in the context of climate change.

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    Animal ice-binding (antifreeze) proteins and glycolipids: an overview with emphasis on physiological function
    John G. Duman
    Journal of Experimental Biology 2015 218: 1846-1855; doi: 10.1242/jeb.116905

    Summary: Ice-binding proteins and glycolipids evolved independently multiple times to assist subzero temperature survival in diverse organisms, both freeze-tolerant and freeze-avoiding. Their physiological functions in animals are reviewed.

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    The effects of temperature on aerobic metabolism: towards a mechanistic understanding of the responses of ectotherms to a changing environment
    Patricia M. Schulte
    Journal of Experimental Biology 2015 218: 1856-1866; doi: 10.1242/jeb.118851

    Summary: A view of why current theories provide an inadequate mechanistic account of the effects of temperature on aerobic metabolic processes across levels of organization from individual proteins to intact animals.

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    Proteomic responses to environmentally induced oxidative stress
    Lars Tomanek
    Journal of Experimental Biology 2015 218: 1867-1879; doi: 10.1242/jeb.116475

    Summary: This review covers the ROS-producing and -scavenging reactions of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisome and compares these to the actual proteomic responses of marine organisms to environmentally induced oxidative stress.

  • You have accessSubscription required
    Co-evolution of proteins and solutions: protein adaptation versus cytoprotective micromolecules and their roles in marine organisms
    Paul H. Yancey, Joseph F. Siebenaller
    Journal of Experimental Biology 2015 218: 1880-1896; doi: 10.1242/jeb.114355

    Summary: Biochemical adaptation to environmental stressors involves not only evolution of changes in macromolecular structures, but also selection for protective cellular micromolecules such as osmolytes and piezolytes in the deep sea.

  • You have accessSubscription required
    Physiological strategies during animal diapause: lessons from brine shrimp and annual killifish
    Jason E. Podrabsky, Steven C. Hand
    Journal of Experimental Biology 2015 218: 1897-1906; doi: 10.1242/jeb.116194

    Summary: The apparent convergent evolution of diapause in brine shrimp and annual killifish has occurred at the physiological level, via unique molecular mechanisms. This review underscores the central importance of physiological, rather than molecular, responses to environmental stress.

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    Physiological mechanisms used by fish to cope with salinity stress
    Dietmar Kültz
    Journal of Experimental Biology 2015 218: 1907-1914; doi: 10.1242/jeb.118695

    Summary: Some fishes have evolved high salinity stress tolerance (euryhalinity), favoring adaptive radiation in a climate of rapidly changing and fluctuating salinity. The mechanisms underlying euryhalinity of fishes are outlined.

  • You have accessSubscription required
    Transcriptomic responses to environmental temperature in eurythermal and stenothermal fishes
    Cheryl A. Logan, Bradley A. Buckley
    Journal of Experimental Biology 2015 218: 1915-1924; doi: 10.1242/jeb.114397

    Summary: Comparative transcriptomics is rapidly accelerating our understanding of how fish respond to thermal stress; this review summarizes and synthesizes gene expression patterns from stenothermal and eurythermal species responding to acute and long-term exposure to temperature.

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    Considerations for the use of transcriptomics in identifying the ‘genes that matter’ for environmental adaptation
    Tyler G. Evans
    Journal of Experimental Biology 2015 218: 1925-1935; doi: 10.1242/jeb.114306

    Summary: The ability of transcriptomics to identify genes that underlie environmental adaptation is explored in the context of recent systems-level experiments that provide new insights into the relationship between gene expression and fitness.

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    Evolution of urea transporters in vertebrates: adaptation to urea's multiple roles and metabolic sources
    Christophe M. R. LeMoine, Patrick J. Walsh
    Journal of Experimental Biology 2015 218: 1936-1945; doi: 10.1242/jeb.114223

    Summary: The UT family experienced a dynamic evolutionary trajectory in vertebrates, and we propose that this phylogeny is intricately linked to the diverse physiological functions of urea and to the multiple ureogenic pathways in vertebrates.

  • You have accessSubscription required
    Biochemical adaptation to ocean acidification
    Jonathon H. Stillman, Adam W. Paganini
    Journal of Experimental Biology 2015 218: 1946-1955; doi: 10.1242/jeb.115584

    Summary: Physiological adaptation to ocean acidification has been widely studied using comparative and experimental approaches, yet the biochemical bases for adaptation is not well characterized.

  • You have accessSubscription required
    Thermal variation, thermal extremes and the physiological performance of individuals
    W. Wesley Dowd, Felicia A. King, Mark W. Denny
    Journal of Experimental Biology 2015 218: 1956-1967; doi: 10.1242/jeb.114926

    Summary: We review how temporal, spatial and physiological variation have potentially synergistic effects on the thermal performance of individuals and conclude that several challenges must be overcome to fully incorporate small-scale variation into predictions of climate change.

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    Giving microbes their due – animal life in a microbially dominant world
    Margaret J. McFall-Ngai
    Journal of Experimental Biology 2015 218: 1968-1973; doi: 10.1242/jeb.115121

    Summary: Recent nucleic acid sequencing data provide compelling evidence that animals live in a microbial world and that microbes have shaped animal biology, including their biochemistry and physiology, over evolutionary time.

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