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Research Article
Equal latency contours and auditory weighting functions for the harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena)
Paul J. Wensveen, Léonie A. E. Huijser, Lean Hoek, Ronald A. Kastelein
Journal of Experimental Biology 2014 217: 359-369; doi: 10.1242/jeb.091983
Paul J. Wensveen
1Sea Mammal Research Unit, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, UK
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  • For correspondence: pw234@st-andrews.ac.uk
Léonie A. E. Huijser
2Sea Mammal Research Company (SEAMARCO), Julianalaan 46, 3843 CC Harderwijk, The Netherlands
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Lean Hoek
2Sea Mammal Research Company (SEAMARCO), Julianalaan 46, 3843 CC Harderwijk, The Netherlands
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Ronald A. Kastelein
2Sea Mammal Research Company (SEAMARCO), Julianalaan 46, 3843 CC Harderwijk, The Netherlands
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Abstract

Loudness perception by human infants and animals can be studied under the assumption that sounds of equal loudness elicit equal reaction times (RTs). Simple RTs of a harbour porpoise to narrowband frequency-modulated signals were measured using a behavioural method and an RT sensor based on infrared light. Equal latency contours, which connect equal RTs across frequencies, for reference values of 150–200 ms (10 ms intervals) were derived from median RTs to 1 s signals with sound pressure levels (SPLs) of 59–168 dB re. 1 μPa and centre frequencies of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 16, 31.5, 63, 80 and 125 kHz. The higher the signal level was above the hearing threshold of the harbour porpoise, the quicker the animal responded to the stimulus (median RT 98–522 ms). Equal latency contours roughly paralleled the hearing threshold at relatively low sensation levels (higher RTs). The difference in shape between the hearing threshold and the equal latency contours was more pronounced at higher levels (lower RTs); a flattening of the contours occurred for frequencies below 63 kHz. Relationships of the equal latency contour levels with the hearing threshold were used to create smoothed functions assumed to be representative of equal loudness contours. Auditory weighting functions were derived from these smoothed functions that may be used to predict perceived levels and correlated noise effects in the harbour porpoise, at least until actual equal loudness contours become available.

FOOTNOTES

  • Author contributions

    P.J.W. and R.A.K. designed the experimental study and gained funding. P.J.W., L.A.E.H. and L.H. collected and processed the reaction time data. P.J.W. analysed the data and prepared the manuscript with advice on results and interpretation from all authors.

  • Competing interests

    The authors declare no competing financial interests.

  • Funding

    This work was supported by The Netherlands Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment [grant number 4500182046], and by matched funding from The Netherlands Ministry of Defence (administered by TNO) and the UK Natural Environment Research Council [to P.J.W.].

  • © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd
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Keywords

  • Audiogram
  • Effects of noise
  • Frequency weighting
  • Odontocete
  • Response latency

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Research Article
Equal latency contours and auditory weighting functions for the harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena)
Paul J. Wensveen, Léonie A. E. Huijser, Lean Hoek, Ronald A. Kastelein
Journal of Experimental Biology 2014 217: 359-369; doi: 10.1242/jeb.091983
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Research Article
Equal latency contours and auditory weighting functions for the harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena)
Paul J. Wensveen, Léonie A. E. Huijser, Lean Hoek, Ronald A. Kastelein
Journal of Experimental Biology 2014 217: 359-369; doi: 10.1242/jeb.091983

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