Article Figures & Tables
Figures
- Fig. 1.
(A) Gyrotactic plumes in a culture flask. (B) Bioconvection patterns in a Petri dish (depth 0.4 cm; width 5 cm; 106 cells cm–3); the illumination is white from below, where the lower half is covered with a red filter (660 nm; contrast enhanced). The two regions display different bioconvection patterns: in the top half, white illumination leads cells to swim upwards, with phototaxis supporting gravitaxis and suppressing gyrotaxis, initiating an overturning instability with broad downwelling structures; in the bottom half, cells do not respond to the red illumination and form finely focused gyrotactic plumes.
- Fig. 2.
Sample images from experiment CA (white light illumination from above, I=645 lx;H=0.306 cm; WI=2.47 cm). (A) C=8.11×106 cells cm–3; (B) C=3.33×106 cells cm–3. Images were captured every 2 s, starting 10 s after mixing. Scale bars, 1 cm.
- Fig. 3.
The effects of concentration on dominant initial pattern wavelength. (A) Experiment CA, culture illuminated from above with a white light (I=645 lx;H=0.306 cm). (B) Experiment CB, culture illuminated from below with a white light (I=645 lx;H=0.345 cm).
- Fig. 4.
Sample results from experiment RA, with red light illumination from above (I=101 lx; C=5.05×106 cells cm–3;H=0.306 cm; WI=2.33 cm). (A) Images were captured every 2 s, starting 10 s after mixing. Scale bar, 1 cm. (B) Contour plot of the Fourier spectrum, where time is measured from the start of image recording (not the time since mixing).
- Fig. 5.
Fourier spectra from experiment RA, with red light illumination from above (I=101 lx; C=5.05×106 cells cm–3;H=0.306 cm). Spectra were computed every 2 s, starting 10 s after mixing ended. The horizontal axis is wavenumber and the vertical axis is Fourier density. Histograms represent binned data of the FFT spectrum of each processed pattern image, whereas the curves are produced from fitting Eqn 1.
- Fig. 6.
The effect of red light from above on dominant initial pattern wavelength (H=0.306 cm; C=5.05×106 cells cm–3). Each point represents the mean of eight runs of experiment RA; error bars are ±s.e.m.
- Fig. 7.
The effect of white light illumination from below on dominant initial pattern wavelength (H=0.306 cm). (A) C=5.35×106 cells cm–3; (B) C=5.18×106 cells cm–3; (C) C=9.46×106 cells cm–3. Each point represents the mean of six runs of experiment LB1 and eight runs of experiments LB2 and LB3; error bars are ±s.e.m. Linear regression fits have been plotted for all experiments, separately for the first three or last four points in each data set.
- Fig. 8.
The effect of white light illumination from above on dominant initial pattern wavelength (H=0.306 cm). (A) C=5.05×106 cells cm–3; (B) C=4.86×106 cells cm–3; (C) C=5.69×106 cells cm–3. Each point represents the mean of eight runs of experiment LA; error bars are ±s.e.m. Linear regression fits have been plotted for all experiments (excluding the first data point at I=645 lx in each).
- Fig. 9.
Mean initial start time, t0, plotted against light intensity for experiments (A) LB1 and (B) LA1. The mean start time for I=325 lx for the red light experiment RA is included as I=0 lx: red light has negligible effect on photo-motility.H=0.306 cm; images were captured every 2 s, starting 12 s after mixing.
- Fig. 10.
Critical wavelength, λc, plotted against χ for (A) model A and (B) model B.H=0.306 cm; α=3.67×107 cm2.
Article navigation
Related articles
Cited by...
More in this TOC section
Similar articles
Other journals from The Company of Biologists
Welcome to JEB’s new Editor Monica Daley
We are pleased to welcome Monica Daley to JEB’s Editorial team. Monica has had a long association with JEB before taking up her new role, overseeing peer review of neuromuscular physiology, terrestrial biomechanics and integrative physiology of locomotion.
In the field with Robyn Hetem
Continuing our fieldwork series, Robyn Hetem reflects on working with species ranging from aardvark to zebra, and the impact COVID-19 has had on fieldwork.
Read & Publish participation continues to grow
“It is particularly encouraging for early career researchers, as it allows them to display their research globally without the need to find costs to cover the open access option.”
Professor Fernando Montealegre-Z (University of Lincoln) shares his experience of publishing Open Access as part of our growing Read & Publish initiative. We now have over 150 institutions in 15 countries and four library consortia taking part – find out more and view our full list of participating institutions.
Nocturnal reef residents have deep-sea-like eyes
Fanny de Busserolles and colleagues from The University of Queensland have discovered that the eyes of nocturnal reef fish have multibank retinas, layers of photoreceptors, similar to the eyes of deep-sea fish that live in dim light conditions.
Mechanisms underlying gut microbiota–host interactions in insects
In their Review, Konstantin Schmidt and Philipp Engel summarise recent findings about the mechanisms involved in gut colonisation and the provisioning of beneficial effects in gut microbiota–insect symbiosis.