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Figures
- Fig. 1.
Change of body temperature of controls and dorsally shaved Swiss mice after subcutaneous injection of noradrenaline (NA). Compared with controls, the body temperature of shaved mice was significantly higher at 10 min during the increasing phase and lower at 60 and 70 min over the decreasing phase (10 min, t10=2.433, P=0.04, 60 min, t10=2.611, P=0.03; 70 min, t10=3.433, P=0.006). Values are means ± s.e.m. *P<0.05; **P<0.01.
- Table 1.
Effect of fur removal on RMR and thermal conductance in female Swiss mice
Baseline (N=8) Fur removed (N=8) t P Body mass (g) 36.3±1.5 36.8±1.4 1.774 0.12 Tb before RMR measurement (°C) 36.8±0.2 36.3±0.1 3.401 0.02 Tb after RMR measurement (°C) 38.5±0.1 38.3±0.1 1.317 0.21 Mean Tb (°C) 37.7±0.1 37.3±0.1 2.667 0.03 RMR (ml O2 h–1) 84.7±4.3 100.5±4.5 5.382 0.00 Thermal conductance (ml O2 h–1° C–1) 10.8±0.6 12.5±0.5 4.400 0.00 -
Tb, body temperature; RMR, resting metabolic rate; data presented as means ± s.e.m.
-
- Fig. 2.
Effect of fur removal on maternal body mass (A) and food intake (B) in lactating Swiss mice. Food intake increased significantly in both the non-shaved lactating (NL) group and shaved lactating (SL) group throughout lactation (days 0 to 17, repeated measures ANOVA; NL, F17,408=370.052, P<0.001; SL, F17,408=74.342, P<0.001), in which SL mice had higher food intake compared with NL mice on days 11, 13, 15 and 17 of lactation (day 11, t48=2.410, P=0.02; day 13, t48=2.400, P=0.02; day 15, t48=2.361, P=0.02; day 17, t48=2.182, P=0.03). Arrow, SL females were dorsally shaved on day 7 of lactation. Values are means ± s.e.m. *P<0.05.
- Fig. 3.
Effect of fur removal on litter mass (A), mean pup mass (B) and litter size (C) in lactating Swiss mice, and histogram of the litter sizes at weaning of NL and SL mice (D). No significant difference was found in litter mass, litter size and mean pup mass between the NL and SL group throughout lactation. Arrow, SL females were dorsally shaved on day 7 of lactation. Values are means± s.e.m.
- Fig. 4.
Relationship between litter mass and maternal body mass (A) and litter size (B) in lactating Swiss mice. On day 17 of lactation, there was a positive correlation between maternal body mass and litter mass in SL mice (y=1.33x+24.93), but not in NL mice. Litter size was positively related to litter mass in both the NL and SL group (NL, y=4.63x+38.39; SL, y=3.24x+57.34). Values are means ± s.e.m.
- Fig. 5.
Relationship between asymptotic food intake (mean food intake on days 11–15 of lactation) and maternal body mass (A), litter mass (B) and litter size (C) in lactating Swiss mice. The asymptotic food intake was positively correlated with maternal body mass on day 17 of lactation in both the NL and SL group (NL y=0.25x+9.14, SL y=0.20x+13.06, A). A correlation was also found between asymptotic food intake and litter mass (NL y=0.11x+12.13, SL y=0.14x+10.02, B). Values are means ± s.e.m.
- Fig. 6.
The percentage of time spent in general activity and grooming, feeding, suckling and resting behaviour in lactating Swiss mice over the 8 h observation on days 1416 of lactation. The percentage of time spent in feeding behaviour was significantly higher in the SL group compared with the NL group (t38=2.149, P=0.04). Values are means ± s.e.m. *P<0.05.
- Fig. 7.
Relationship between the percentage of time spent feeding and the percentage of time spent in general activity (A) and grooming (B), resting (C) and suckling (D) behaviour over the 8 h observation on days 14–16 of lactation in Swiss mice. There was a negative correlation between the percentage of time spent in grooming behaviour and the percentage of time spent in feeding behaviour in the SL group (y=–0.25x+17.84) but not in NL group. The percentage of time spent in feeding behaviour was negatively correlated with resting behaviour in both NL and SL mice (NL y=–0.78x+72.77, SL y=–0.64x+70.04). Moreover, a correlation was found between the percentage of time spent in feeding and suckling behaviour in the SL group (y=–0.4853x+62.92), but not in the NL group. Values are means ± s.e.m.
- Fig. 8.
Relationship between the percentage of time spent in suckling behaviour and general activity (A), resting behaviour (B) and litter mass (C) in lactating Swiss mice. The percentage of time spent in suckling behaviour was negatively correlated with general activity in the NL group (y=–0.87x+48.63), but not in the SL group. Positive correlations between the percentage of suckling behaviour and resting behaviour were found in both the NL and SL group (NL y=0.64x+8.20, SL y=0.82x+7.17). Values are means ± s.e.m.
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