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- Table 1.
Number of animals of each sex in each group captured during lactation and for which mass change and body composition data were available and for which fast duration was known
Group (N) Sex Lactation captures Mass change Body composition Fast duration known Fed (7) M 4 4 3 3 F 3 3 3 3 Total 7 7 6 6 Control (12) M 6 6 6 6 F 6 6 5 6 Total 12 12 11 12 Low (6) M 2 2 2 2 F 2 4 4 4 Total 4 6 6 6 -
Fed pups were compared to Control pups only, to investigate the effects of supplementary feeding. Control and Low pups only were used to investigate the effects of mass and body composition on fasting fuel utilisation
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- Fig. 1.
Daily rate of mass loss (means ± s.e.m.) at 3-day intervals, excluding the additional mass of the fed fish, in Fed (open triangles; N=7) and Control (closed squares; N=12) pups. *Significant difference between groups (P<0.05). a, b, c (black, Fed; grey, Control) denote a significant difference (P<0.05) from day 4, 7 and 10, respectively, within group.
- Fig. 2.
(A) Mean daily rate of mass loss (total bar height), comprising ash loss (black), water loss (diagonals), fat loss (white) and protein loss (grey) during the postweaning period, including assimilated fish tissue components. (B) Daily energy use (total bar height), divided into contributions from fat (white: % of total shown on bar) and protein (grey) based on calculated changes in body composition, including fish tissue components. Values are means ± s.e.m. *Control group values that were significantly lower (P<0.05) than those from the Fed animals.
- Fig. 3.
Mean body composition and fuel used by departure in Fed and Control pups, including assimilated fish tissue components. (A) Mass at departure (total bar height), showing ash (black), water (diagonals), fat (white) and protein (grey) and % fat (value shown on bar). (B) Percent of initial protein mass, (C) energy and (D) fat mass used by departure. Values are means ± s.e.m. *Significant difference between groups (P<0.05).
- Table 2.
Mean mass and body composition parameters for animals in Fed and Control groups for which body composition was estimated at weaning and departure
Fed Control Weaning Mass (kg) 47.51±10.38 44.40±5.10 Fat (kg) 22.04±6.06 20.34±3.00 Protein (kg) 5.71±0.93 5.4±0.6 % Fat 46.01±2.64 44.97±3.16 Energy (MJ) 951.44±251.45 867.48±126.55 Fasting Mass loss (kg day-1) 1.00±0.20 0.60±0.18 Fat loss (kg day-1) 0.41±0.18 0.21±0.09 Protein loss* (kg day-1) 0.08±0.02 0.04±0.02 DEU (MJ day-1) 17.14±6.80 8.87±3.82 % DEU fat 91.39±4.94 89.87±11.16 Daily change in % fat -1.68±8.31 0.19±0.19 Departure Mass (kg) 30.91±3.76 30.09±3.80 Fat (kg) 12.84±2.636 14.91±2.30 Protein (kg) 4.43±0.98 3.66±0.57 % Initial protein used in metabolism* 5.81±11.81 18.61±9.25 % Fat at departure 41.47±6.68 49.33±4.69 Energy (MJ) 585.30±97.64 647.65±86.52 Total energy used (MJ)* 437.47±267.20 228.46±93.72 Total fat used (kg) 10.17±6.83 5.09±1.93 Total protein used (kg)* 1.09±0.56 0.84±0.45 -
Values are means ± standard deviation (s.d.). For N values, see Table 1
DEU=daily energy use; % DEU fat=% contribution of fat to DEU
Bold type indicates a significant difference between groups (P<0.05)
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↵* Refers to protein used in metabolism, i.e. values after protein used in moulting was removed from calculations
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- Fig. 4.
(A) Relationships between protein available at weaning for metabolism and average rate of mass loss (solid squares, solid line) and rate of protein loss (open squares, broken line). (B) Relationship between energy available for metabolism at weaning and daily energy use (open squares, broken line) and daily fat loss (triangles, solid line). (C) Relationship between % contribution of fat to energy use and % fat content at weaning in Control and Low animals.
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