Article Figures & Tables
Figures
- Fig. 1.
An immunoblot showing three HIF-1α forms and individual variation of HIF-1α protein amounts in crucian carp. In the top panel, each lane represents HIF-1α detected in nuclear extracts of liver from normoxic fish at 8°C. The bottom panel shows the gel stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue.
- Fig. 2.
Cold body temperature activates HIF-1. (A) HIF-1α mRNA amounts, (B) HIF-1α protein amounts, (C) HIF-1 DNA-binding activities in normoxic fish acclimated to 26°C, 18°C or 8°C. Results are shown as fold increase compared to fish acclimated to 26°C and are means ± s.e.m. of 10 fish. HIF-1α protein data includes variation caused by differences in fish mass. Asterisks denote significant (P<0.05, P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.05 and P<0.01 for heart 18°C, heart 8°C, gills 8°C, kidney 18°C and kidney 8°C, respectively) differences to fish acclimated to 26°C (two-way ANOVA followed by Holm–Sidak post test). (D) Representative electrophoretic mobility shift assays showing binding of HIF-1 on HRE of human erythropoietin gene in nuclear extracts from gills of fish acclimated to 26°C, 18°C or 8°C (5 individuals for each temperature).
- Fig. 3.
Cold temperature induces heat shock proteins. (A) Hsp90 amounts in normoxic fish at 26°C, 18°C or 8°C. Results are shown as fold increase compared to levels in normoxic fish at 26°C and are means ± s.e.m. of 5–10 fish. Asterisks denote significant (P<0.001) differences to fish at 26°C (ANOVA and Dunnet's). (B) Hsp70 amounts in normoxic fish at 26°C, 18°C or 8°C. Results are shown as fold increase compared to levels in normoxic fish at 26°C and are means± s.e.m. of 5–10 fish. Asterisks denote significant differences to fish at 26°C (ANOVA and Dunnet's, P<0.001). (C) Interaction of Hsp90 and Hsp70 with HIF-1α in crucian carp. Nuclear extracts from the liver of normoxic crucian carp were immunoprecipitated (IP) with Hsp90 antibody, thereafter HIF-1α, Hsp70 and Hsp90 were detected from the precipitates by immunoblot analysis.
- Fig. 4.
HIF-1α protein amounts in the liver (A), heart (B), gills (C), and kidney (D), of fish exposed to hypoxia at 26, 18 or 8°C. Results are shown as fold increase compared to levels in normoxic fish at 26°C and are means± s.e.m. of 10 fish (includes variation caused by differences in fish mass). Asterisks denote significant effect of hypoxia on HIF-1α amounts (GENMOD, *P<0.01, **P<0.001, ***P<0.0001). †Significant effect of temperature on HIF-1α amounts (GENMOD, P<0.0001). GENMOD analysis does not allow post tests for testing differences between study groups.
- Fig. 5.
HIF-1 DNA-binding activities in the liver (A), heart (B), gills (C), and kidney (D), of fish exposed to hypoxia at 26°C, 18°C or 8°C. Results are shown as fold increase compared to levels in normoxic fish at 26°C and are means ±s.e.m. of 10 fish. Temperature has a significant effect on hypoxic activation of HIF-1 in the heart (P<0.05), gills (P<0.01) and kidney (P<0.001) of crucian carp (two-way ANOVA). *Significant difference to normoxic fish at 26°C (for P-values, see Fig. 2), †significant difference (P<0.05, P<0.01 and P<0.05 for heart 6 h hypoxia, heart 24 h hypoxia and gills 48 h hypoxia, respectively) to normoxic fish at the same temperature, ††significant difference (P<0.05, P<0.05 and P<0.001 for heart, gills and kidney, respectively) to fish exposed to hypoxia for 24 h at the same temperature (Holm–Sidak post test).
- Fig. 6.
HIF-1α mRNA amounts in the liver (A), gills (B) and kidney (C) of fish exposed to hypoxia at 26°C, 18°C or 8°C. Results are shown as fold increase compared to levels in normoxic fish at 26°C and are means± s.e.m. of 5–10 fish. Temperature has a significant effect on the hypoxia response of HIF-1α mRNA in the liver (P<0.05), gills (P<0.01) and kidney (P<0.01) of crucian carp (two-way ANOVA). Asterisks denote significant difference (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.01, P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.001 for liver 8°C 48 h, gills 26°C 6 h, gills 26°C 24 h, gills 26°C 48 h, gills 8°C 6 h and kidney 8°C 48 h, respectively) to normoxic fish at the same temperature (Holm–Sidak post test).
Article navigation
Related articles
Cited by...
More in this TOC section
Similar articles
Other journals from The Company of Biologists
Meet the Editors at SICB Virtual 2021
Reserve your place to join some of the journal editors, including Editor-in-Chief Craig Franklin, at our Meet the Editor session on 17 February at 2pm (EST). Don’t forget to view our SICB Subject Collection, featuring relevant JEB papers relating to some of the symposia sessions.
2020 at The Company of Biologists
Despite 2020's challenges, we were able to bring a number of long-term projects and new ventures to fruition. As we enter a new year, join us as we reflect on the triumphs of the last 12 months.
Critical temperature window sends migratory black-headed buntings on their travels
The spring rise in temperature at black-headed bunting overwintering sites is essential for triggering the physical changes that they undergo before embarking on their spring migration – read more.
Developmental and reproductive physiology of small mammals at high altitude
Cayleih Robertson and Kathryn Wilsterman focus on high-altitude populations of the North American deer mouse in their review of the challenges and evolutionary innovations of pregnant and nursing small mammals at high altitude.
Read & Publish participation extends worldwide
“Being able to publish Open Access articles free of charge means that my article gets maximum exposure and has maximum impact, and that all my peers can read it regardless of the agreements that their universities have with publishers.”
Professor Roi Holzman (Tel Aviv University) shares his experience of publishing Open Access as part of our growing Read & Publish initiative. We now have over 60 institutions in 12 countries taking part – find out more and view our full list of participating institutions.