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Research Article
Development of respiratory function in the American locust Schistocerca americana
Kendra J. Greenlee, Jon F. Harrison
Journal of Experimental Biology 2004 207: 509-517; doi: 10.1242/jeb.00766

Article Figures & Tables

Figures

  • Fig. 1.
    Fig. 1.

    Body mass for early-stage (open bars) and late-stage (filled bars) grasshoppers by instar. Numbers above pairs of bars indicate percentage increase within each instar.

  • Table 1.

    Percent changes in body mass and in normoxic breathing parameters from early to late stage within an instar

    InstarBody massBreaths min-1Tidal volumeWhole-animal ṀCO2Mass-specific ṀCO2
    183*-174067*-8.1
    362*53*13-31*
    590*3454*-19*
    Adult61*72*-49*52*-3.6

    • Asterisks indicate a significant change from early to late stage in an instar (P<0.1).

  • Fig. 2.
    Fig. 2.

    (A) Whole-animal CO2 emission rate (ṀCO2), (B) mass-specific ṀCO2 and (C) abdominal pumping frequency for early-stage (filled symbols) and late-stage (open symbols) animals in normoxia by instar. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between stages.

  • Fig. 3.
    Fig. 3.

    Tidal volume, indexed by the percent change in abdominal height, in response to decreasing atmospheric oxygen partial pressure (PO), for (A) first instars and (B) adults at the early-stage (filled symbols) and late-stage (open symbols) of an instar. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between stages.

  • Fig. 4.
    Fig. 4.

    Mass-specific CO2 emission (ṀCO2) as a function of atmospheric oxygen partial pressure (PO) for early-stage (filled symbols) and late-stage (open symbols) animals; (A) first instar, (B) third instar, (C) fifth instar and (D) adult.

  • Fig. 5.
    Fig. 5.

    Critical oxygen partial pressure (Pc) for mass-specific CO2 emission (ṀCO2) for early-stage (open boxes) and late-stage (hatched boxes) animals in each instar. The boundary of each box marks the 25th percentile and the 75th percentile. The line within each box indicates the median. Error bars mark the 10th and 90th percentiles. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between early- and late-stage animals.

  • Fig. 6.
    Fig. 6.

    Abdominal pumping as a function of atmospheric oxygen partial pressure (PO) for early-stage (filled symbols) and late-stage (open symbols) animals; (A) first instar, (B) third instar, (C) fifth instar and (D) adult.

  • Fig. 7.
    Fig. 7.

    Critical oxygen partial pressure (PO) for abdominal pumping for early-stage (open boxes) and late-stage (hatched boxes) animals in an instar. Boxes and lines as in Fig. 5. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between stages within an instar.

  • Fig. 8.
    Fig. 8.

    Maximal tracheal system conductance (Gmax) versus instar for early-stage (filled symbols) and late-stage (open symbols) grasshoppers. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between early- and late-stage animals.

  • Fig. 9.
    Fig. 9.

    Scaling of absolute CO2 emission with wet body mass for each instar. The broken line represents the scaling relationship when all data points are regressed.

  • Fig. 10.
    Fig. 10.

    Index of gas exchange per breath μmol CO2 breath-1) as a function of atmospheric oxygen partial pressure (PO) for early-stage (filled symbols) and late-stage (open symbols) animals; (A) first instar, (B) third instar, (C) fifth instar and (D) adult.

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Research Article
Development of respiratory function in the American locust Schistocerca americana
Kendra J. Greenlee, Jon F. Harrison
Journal of Experimental Biology 2004 207: 509-517; doi: 10.1242/jeb.00766
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