Estimated hallux and lateral toe biomechanical variables and 95% confidence limits for average and extreme toe lengths predicted using the multiple regression equations derived from the pressure plate running trials
| Average individual with: | Peak flexor force (N) | Flexor impulse (Ns) | Negative work (J) | Positive work (J) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hallux | ||||
| Shortest toes (58 mm) | 328 (167–488) | 24.4 (4.8–44.1) | –1.8 (–3.4– –0.3) | 0.001 (0–0.27) |
| Average toes (69 mm) | 442 (372–516) | 45.6 (36.7–54.4) | –3.6 (–4.2– –2.9) | 0.24 (0.12–0.36) |
| Longest toes (84 mm) | 602 (400–805) | 74.4 (49.6–99.2) | –6.0 (–7.9– –4.0) | 0.57 (0.23–0.91) |
| Lateral toes | ||||
| Shortest toes (58 mm) | 67 (0–200) | 4.9 (0–19.7) | –0.2 (–0.9–0) | 0.001 (0–0.06) |
| Average toes (69 mm) | 160 (101–221) | 15.7 (9.0–22.4) | –0.8 (–1.1– –0.5) | 0.04 (0.01–0.07) |
| Longest toes (84 mm) | 289 (129–457) | 30.5 (11.8–49.2) | –1.5 (–2.4– –0.7) | 0.1 (0.02–0.18) |
Average values for body mass, contact time, forefoot contact time and toe-out angle are as in Table 2