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Figures
- Fig. 1.
Temperature profiles for predictable acclimation treatments over the 2-week acclimation period. Temperature measurements were taken every 5 min. Temperature data shown are from one trial, but the same acclimation treatments were repeated in all three trials. Each trial was a technical replicate. (A) Limpets in the no tide treatment were submersed in water during the entire acclimation period. (B) The predictable low treatment had low tide periods twice daily, but no heating occurred during low tide. (C) The predictable moderate treatment had low tide periods twice daily, with heating to 24°C during daytime low tide. (D) The predictable high treatment had low tide periods twice daily, with heating to 32°C during daytime low tide.
- Fig. 2.
Temperature profiles for unpredictable acclimation treatments over the 2-week acclimation period. All unpredictable acclimation treatments had two low tide periods daily, with heating only occurring during the daytime low tide. Temperature measurements were taken every 5 min. (A) Unpredictable trial 1 was taken directly from temperature data calculated as the average week at Fort Ross, CA, USA. (B,C) Unpredictable trials 2 and 3 included the same temperature peaks from unpredictable trial 1, but they were randomized in two different orders to test for the effects of stochasticity.
- Fig. 3.
Final break point temperature in heart rate for limpets and flat line temperatures from the no tide (n=29), predictable low (n=22), predictable moderate (n=25), predictable high (n=26) and unpredictable (trial 1: n=8; trial 2: n=10; trial 3: n=9) acclimation treatments. (A) Final break point temperature; (B) flat line temperature. For all predictable acclimation treatments, technical and biological replicates are grouped together. Because of statistical differences between replicate trial, each trial of the unpredictable treatment is presented separately and only biological replicates are grouped together. The line on the boxplots represents the median, the box represents the inter-quartile range (IQR), the whiskers extend 1.5 times IQR. Points beyond the whiskers are outliers. Differences in letters represent significant differences between acclimation temperatures (one-way ANOVA; Tukey’s HSD, P<0.05).
- Fig. 4.
Generalized additive mixed modeling (GAMM) for heart rates throughout the heat ramp for limpets from the no tide (n=29), predictable low (n=21), predictable moderate (n=25), predictable high (n=26) and unpredictable (trial 1: n=8; trial 2: n=10; trial 3: n=9) acclimation treatments. For all predictable acclimation treatments, technical and biological replicates are grouped together. Because of statistical differences between replicate trials, each trial of the unpredictable treatment is presented separately and only biological replicates are grouped together. Statistical differences are reported in Table 2.
- Fig. 5.
Glycogen content and citrate synthase activity in limpet foot tissue from the field (n=15) and the no tide (n=15), predictable low (n=15), predictable moderate (n=15), predictable high (n=15) and unpredictable (trial 1: n=4; trial 2: n=5; trial 3: n=5) acclimation treatments. (A) Glycogen content; (B) citrate synthase activity. Data are presented as means±s.e.m. For all predictable acclimation treatments, technical and biological replicates are grouped together. Because of statistical differences between replicate trials, each trial of the unpredictable treatment is presented separately and only biological replicates are grouped together. No statistical differences were found (one-way ANOVA). WM, wet mass
- Fig. 6.
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and relative amounts of carbonylated proteins in limpet foot tissue from the field (n=15) and the no tide (n=15), predictable low (n=15), predictable moderate (n=15), predictable high (n=12 for A, n=15 for B) and unpredictable (trial 1: n=4; trial 2: n=5; trial 3: n=5) acclimation treatments. (A) SOD activity; (B) carbonylated proteins. Data are presented as means±s.e.m. For all predictable acclimation treatments, technical and biological replicates are grouped together. Because of statistical differences between replicate trials, each trial of the unpredictable treatment is presented separately and only biological replicates are grouped together. No statistical differences were found (one-way ANOVA).
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