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Fig. 9. Illustration of how mantle diameter and thickness change during a jet. The
lower schematic slightly exaggerates the increase in mantle wall thickness
that occurs as the mantle contracts. ti, initial (i.e.
resting) mantle wall thickness; tf, final wall thickness
(i.e. at the end of contraction during the exhalant phase of the jet);
ri, initial radius of the outer edge of the mantle;
rf, the final radius of the outer edge of the mantle.