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Fig. 1. Experimental set-up and shadow velocities. (A) Top view of the experimental
tank. Water containing food odor flows into a tunnel on the right side and
exits on the left. Animals enter the tunnel from the start compartment and
approach the food odor release point. A pair of bath electrodes is attached to
the tunnel walls, 8 cm from the tunnel entrance. The bath is grounded with a
ground wire. Shadows always move from right to left over the tank. (B) Side
view of the set-up. Animals inside the tank are filmed with a camera
positioned above the tank. The camera is connected to a TV monitor. Bath
electrodes are connected to an amplifier and an oscilloscope. Signals are
recorded on a computer. The shadow is produced by swinging a plastic rectangle
through a light beam directed onto the tank. The tank wall facing the light
and shadow apparatus is covered. (C) Average shadow velocities and
accelerations derived from five repeated measurements with silicone
photodiodes placed between the right tunnel wall and the bath electrodes.
Velocities and accelerations for all three shadows (slow, medium, fast) are
highly consistent as evidenced by small standard deviations.
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