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Fig. 3. (A) Bill surface temperatures increased during stepwise hypoxia in
bar-headed geese (light grey triangles), greylag geese (black squares) and
pekin ducks (dark grey circles). This increase became significant much earlier
in greylag geese (black arrow) and pekin ducks (dark grey arrow) than in
bar-headed geese (light grey broken arrow), and was lower in bar-headed geese
during 9% inspired O2 (asterisk). (B) Bill temperature decreased
after the first minute of normoxic recovery in bar-headed geese (light grey
broken arrow) and greylag geese (black arrow) and after the second minute in
pekin ducks (dark grey arrow). The bill temperature change in each individual
was determined by subtracting its pre-hypoxia value (see Results).
Representative thermal images are shown in
Fig. 2.