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Figure 1


Fig. 1. Bees provided with differential conditioning can learn to discriminate between and recognise perceptually very similar complex natural stimuli. (A) A target stimulus with which bees received differential conditioning. (B) A distractor stimulus with which bees received differential conditioning. (C) A novel distractor stimulus. (D–F) Fast Fourier transforms (FFT) of images in A–C where vertical and horizontal axes show relative distribution of low (towards the centre) and high spatial (towards the edges) information in the respective images. The FFTs are almost identical (compared with images M–O below) showing that there is an approximately equivalent distribution of spatial information in the stimuli. (G–I) A representation of the images in A–C, respectively, considering the visual acuity of bee spatial vision which is approximately limited to viewing frequencies less than about 0.3 cycles deg.–1. (J–L) Angular high contrast geometric images including a diamond, square wave grating and a figure `Y' that bees generalise to if only provided with absolute conditioning (see text for references). (M–O) FFT of angular high contrast geometric images (J–L) show relatively large differences in the distribution of low and high spatial frequency information (compare with D–F), but bees do not make use of this information to make discriminations if provided with absolute conditioning.





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