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Figure 6


Fig. 6. Heart rate (fH), stroke frequency, and dive profiles of: (A) a relatively short (<2 min) dive of emperor penguin 31; (B) a ~10 min dive of emperor penguin 35; (C) a ~12 min, variable depth dive of emperor penguin 35. In B fH drops by a factor of 2 by the latter half of the dive, while stroke frequency remains constant. An increase in fH is also apparent prior to surfacing, again with no corresponding increase in stroke frequency. In C stroke frequency is always highest during descents (labeled a and b), but fH does not increase during descents. fH remained near 5 beats min–1 for much of the second half of the dive compared to around 35 beats min–1 in the first half. Stroke frequency, however, remains near 0.45 Hz, increasing only during descents and while near the surface.





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