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Figure 2


Fig. 2. Instantaneous heart rate (fH) and dive depth profiles from (A) a typical short (~1.5 min) dive of emperor penguin 35, (B) a dive just longer than the ADL of emperor penguin 32, and (C) the longest dive in this study (18.2 min, emperor penguin 22). The fH data gap at the end of the dive in C resulted from a brief period of unusable ECG signal. fH in short dives does not approach extremely low values as in long dives. In C, fH is 6 beats min–1 for over 5 min, reaching a minimum of 3 beats min–1. Prominent features typical of dives are labeled as follows: a, surface interval tachycardia (pre- and post-dive); b, initial fH decline, immediately upon submersion; c, readjustment of fH (transient increase); d, secondary decline in fH; e, progressive bradycardia in long dives; f, increase in fH during ascent (prior to surfacing).





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