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Fig. 2. (A) Parameter space used to evaluate and represent the variability in loading pattern. The x axis is the orientation of the tensile principal strain relative to the long axis of the bone (TSO). The y axis is the fractional measure of the dominant strain type (FTSR): values greater than 0.5 indicate that tension>compression whereas values less than 0.5 indicate compression>tension. The broken outlines delineate zones in which we expect the majority of loading events to occur, either tension>compression and TSO aligned near the long axis (zone 1), or compression>tension and principal compression angle aligned near the long axis (TSO closer to 90°; zone 2). Between 22.5° and 67.5° the TSO is closer to the diagonal (45°) than to either the long or transverse axis of the bone, and compression and tension magnitudes are approximately equal (e.g. this would be the case for torsion). (B) Illustrations of the radius and metacarpus, with medio-lateral (M-L) and cranio-caudal (C-C) curvature values from each aspect. The cranial and caudal surfaces are labeled with the loading zone where strain data from that surface would be expected to occur for a typical loading cycle. Tensile strain orientation (TSO) is the angle () between the principal tensile strain and the longitudinal axis. All illustrations are drawn to scale.

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