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Fig. 3. Cold meals elevate PPMR above specific dynamic action (SDA). SDA is PPMR
from meals at body temperature, Tb
(Tf=40°C). Meals at lower temperatures include a
thermogenic component that is dependent on food temperature. PPMR here is
given as a percentage of energy assimilation efficiency (AEn) to
show the significant decrease in net energy gain from cold food.