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Figure 2


Fig. 2. Three-dimensional reconstruction of optical fringes and body-fixed coordinate frame. (A) One example of a recording frame with the deformed fringes on the wings (back view, elevation=azimuth=0°). The brightest one was the reference fringe. (B) Surface topography of body and wings by three-dimensional reconstruction (rear lateral view, elevation=10°, azimuth=7°). Blue curves indicate the reconstructed laser fringes; green curves, lateral leading edges; red curves, 50% cross-section along wingspan. Green crosses indicate wing bases; red crosses, middle points of leading edges. Body-fixed coordinate frame (magenta vectors) deduced by three-dimensional reconstruction is also superimposed. Euler angles are indicated by the grey curved arrows, whose rotations have an ordered sequence of yaw ({alpha}), pitch (β) and roll ({gamma}) according to the Fick coordinate system (Haslwanter, 1995; Schilstra and Hateren, 1998). Signs comply with the right-hand rule, and the reference orientation is coincident with the global coordinate frame (denoted by the coordinate grid) fixed on the flight arena.





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