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Fig. 4. Photorefractive images of a young (3 years old) harbour seal under water
axially refracted with lateral (A) and frontal camera position (B) and an
older (12 years old) harbour seal under water (C) and in air (D). On the
underwater pictures (A–C), two rings in the centre and one pronounced
ring in the periphery can be seen. Corneal cloudiness in the older seal leads
to a central stripe in the brightness distribution under water (C), and
irregularities in corneal topography to spot-like distortions in air (D) that
mask the slightly visible rings.