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Figure 3


Fig. 3. Two-stroke flapping motions near the optimum. (A) 1/P* vs {alpha}d for steady motion (black), two-stroke motion composed of a gliding downstroke followed by a vertical upstroke (green), and two-stroke motion composed of the same gliding stroke followed by a near optimal lift-generating upstroke (red). (B) The near optimal down- and upstrokes. Ai, Bi, airfoil NACA2414 at Re~3x105; Aii, Bii, plate at Re~103.





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