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Figure 10


Fig. 10. Schematic drawing (not to scale) that illustrates the pitching-moment balance in a forward-sinking parrot cichlid adopting a tilted-down swimming posture. The caudal fin wave of the parrot cichlid propagates dorsally. The purple curved thick arrows represent the induced pitching moment. MB is the head-down pitching moment induced by the buoyant force (FB). MPF is the head-down pitching moment induced by the down-stroke force (FPFD) of the pectoral fin; MCFP is the head-up pitching moment induced by the caudal fin-wave propagation force (FCFP). The behavior of a CFP functionally facilitates the pitching stabilization.





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