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Fig. 9. The forces produced normal to the swimming direction as a function of the
position inside the obstacle course. The forces are produced by the body, tail
and neck moving at an angle of incidence to the flow. The columns are means of
the forces from eight birds passing through the obstacle course at the highest
difficulty level (0.36 m between barriers, see
Fig. 1). The red line is the
sum of the three forces. Positive values are directed dorsally, and negative
values are directed ventrally. Vertical arrows denote the position of the
barriers. The horizontal axis is the same as in Figs
5,
6,
7,
8 to allow equivalent
evaluation.
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