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Fig. 4. (A–C) Stress–strain response in time from a 1 Hz sinusoidal
elongation of vocal ligament. Note that the amplitude of strain remains
constant (A) while stress (B) decreases over time. The decrease in stress is a
result of tissue hysteresis, a phenomenon resulting from viscous properties of
the tissue. (C) Stress–strain relationship for the same data set. The
upper part of the `banana-shaped' curve is the loading phase (stretching). The
lower part is the unloading phase (relaxation). The difference between both
curves is due to hysteresis of the tissue, i.e. lower stress in the tissue
during the unloading phase. The low strain region of the loading phase was
fitted with a linear regression line, while the high-strain region was modeled
with an exponential function. (D) The limit of the linear region (`Linear
strain limit') determined by maximizing the sum of the two regression
coefficients (`sum of r2'). The maximum linear strain
limit (
1) in this example is approx. 0.09.
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