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Fig. 7. Model summarizing mitochondrial bioenergetics in response to cold exposure
and fasting. Effects on proton motive force (PMF, measured as membrane
potential) and respiration (R, measured as state 4 respiration) in liver and
skeletal muscle mitochondria. The boxes show the four conditions analyzed and
include the state 4 membrane potentials (mV). Arrows indicate the changes in
membrane potential and/or respiration in response to cold and/or fasting:
black arrows, an increase; white arrows, a decrease; broken arrows, no change.
In the liver, cold or fasting lead to an increase in membrane potential, while
additional fasting in the cold causes an decrease in state 4 membrane
potential and respiration rate. In skeletal muscle of cold-acclimated toads,
fasting leads to a decrease in state 4 membrane potential.