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Figure 6


Fig. 6. Phylogeny of the butterfly families, character mapping of opsin mRNA expression patterns in individual photoreceptor cell subtypes, and proposed ancestral butterfly eye. Question mark indicates unknown opsin expression in the photoreceptor cells of the riodinid eye. (A) Character mapping of opsin mRNA expression in the R1 and R2 cells and inferred relative timing of opsin gene duplication events. Ovals indicate UV (gray) or B (purple, violet, blue) opsin expression. Boxes and ovals indicate the inferred ancestral states along specific branches of the butterfly family tree for both opsin genes and expression patterns. The R1 and R2 opsin expression patterns are not known for the Riodinidae. (B) Character mapping of opsin expression in the R3–8 cells. Ovals indicate photoreceptor cells expressing LW (orange, yellow or green) or B (purple) opsin mRNAs. Asterisk indicates ventral eye only. Red box indicates a LW opsin duplicate, the precursor to Apodemia mormo LWRh1, that is inferred to have arisen prior to the radiation of the lycaenid and riodinid families, and was subsequently lost in lycaenids. The R3–8 opsin expression patterns are not known for the Riodinidae.





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