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Fig. 11. Behavioural data of intact Lymnaea after the single 0.5 h training
procedure in either PW or CE. The single training session (TS1) in PW (black
bars) results in a 3 h memory (3 h TM; intermediate-term memory, ITM) but does
not result in LTM (i.e. a memory lasting 24 h; black bars, N=44,
P>0.05). However, the single training session (TS1) in CE (orange)
results in LTM. That is, the number of attempted pneumostome openings in the
memory test sessions (TM) at 24 and 48 h is significantly lower than in TS1
(i.e. memory at 24 and 48 h; 24 h TM, N=35,
*P<0.01; 48 h TM, N=41,
*P<0.01). Snails did not demonstrate memory formation
in 24 and 48 h yoked control groups (blue bars; N=30,
P>0.05 and N=20, P>0.05 for 24 and 48 h
yokes, respectively) or 72 h after training (N=22,
P>0.05). [Reproduced with permission from Orr and Lukowiak
(Orr and Lukowiak, 2008).]
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