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Figure 5


Fig. 5. The flight paths of four individual nocturnal bees (Megalopta genalis) returning to the nest at dimmer (A,D) and brighter (B,C) light levels during dawn (A,B) and dusk (C,D). In each plot, the three-dimensional flight path (black) is shown together with two-dimensional projections (grey shadows on the right, left and bottom walls) of the flight path onto the imaginary walls of a cubical space centred on the nest entrance (which is shown as a cylinder on the right wall). Luminance in the early dawn (A) was 1.1x10–4 cd m–2 and the landing lasted 11.4 s; late dawn (B), 1.9x10–3 cd m–2 and the landing lasted 4.7 s; early dusk (C), 3.9x10–3 cd m–2 and the landing lasted 1.8 s; and late dusk (D), 3.9x10–4 cd m–2 and the landing lasted 16.2 s. Note that during both the dawn and the dusk, landing flights were more circuitous and took longer in dimmer light. Each grid square is 10 cmx10 cm. Adapted with kind permission from Theobald et al. (Theobald et al., 2007).





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