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Figure 4


Fig. 4. (A) Mean percent (±1 s.e.m.) of pre-injection air sac pressure (top), and reduction in sound amplitude (bottom) for the one, two, missed and missed-plus-one-injection groups. Different letters indicate significant differences in t-tests (where different birds) and paired t-tests (same bird different treatments). For all significant comparisons, P<0.028. (B) The variation of air sac pressure amplitude was not increased after injection into one (red) or two (green) posterior thoracic air sacs compared with that of pre-injection values (blue). Each trace represents the mean air sac pressure ± 1 s.e.m. (grey area around mean) for 10 renditions of the song syllable in each treatment. Increased grey area at the beginning and end of traces results from slight differences in duration of the expiratory air sac pressure pulse between renditions of the song, which leads to imperfect alignment.





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