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Fig. 11. Electromyogram (EMG) activity does not indicate a compensatory increase in
muscle activity after injections. (A) Example of data for one zebra finch
illustrates the decrease in air sac pressure (P) after two injections (green)
compared with pre-injection (blue) to two injections and the accompanying EMG
activity (E; rectified and integrated). The song is illustrated
spectrographically (bottom). (B–D) Air sac pressure and corresponding
EMG activity (integrated voltage) for the three zebra finches for quiet
respiration and song. Colors indicate the three recording conditions (blue,
pre-injection; red, one injection; green, two injections). The data in B are
from the individual whose song is depicted in A, and numbers correspond to the
four expiratory pulses of song. Arrows indicate the shift in air sac pressure
after injections for the four expiratory pulses of song. C shows that the
first injection was followed by an increase in EMG activity, which is most
pronounced in the syllable in the upper right corner. However, a corresponding
shift in EMG activity is seen in quiet respiration, at the bottom left of the
graph, likely indicating an impedance change.
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