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Fig. 3. Evolution of swimbladder and choroid retia mirabilia in jawed vertebrates.
Blue and yellow boxes mark the presence of swimbladder and choroid retia
mirabilia in living species, respectively. Open boxes indicate the absence of
the respective structure, whereas no box indicates missing information. The
status of ancestral species has been reconstructed on a composite branching
diagram by maximum parsimony. Yellow and blue branches indicate the presence
of the choroid and swimbladder rete mirabile, respectively. White and red
branches indicate the absence and presence, respectively, of both structures
in an ancestral species. The yellow arrow indicates the branch segment along
which the choroid rete mirabile first evolved. The blue arrows indicate the
subsequent evolution of a swimbladder rete mirabile in four separate groups.
Modified after Berenbrink et al.
(Berenbrink et al., 2005).
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