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Fig. 1. Synthetic genetic interactions. A synthetic lethal interaction between two
genes is defined when the survival of the combined mutation is less than the
product of the survival of the two single mutations. In yeast, genetic
interactions are defined by combining mutant strains using systematic mating
protocols (A), and synthetic lethal or sick phenotypes are defined where a
double mutant strain displays a phenotype that is not seen with either single
mutant strain. In C. elegans, genetic interations are defined by
combining genetic mutations with RNAi to target a second gene (B), or by using
combinatorial RNAi to target two genes simultaneously (C)
(Tischler et al., 2006).
Synthetic aggravating phenotypes can be similarly defined for other phenotypes
such as sterility or growth (Lehner et
al., 2006b), and many more possible combinations of aggravating or
alleviating interactions are also possible
(Drees et al., 2005).