spacer gif spacer gif spacer gif spacer gif spacer gif
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


spacer gif
     Home     Help     Feedback     Subscriptions     Archive     Search     Table of Contents    

Right arrow Help viewing high resolution images
Right arrow Return to article

(Downloading may take up to 30 seconds.
If the slide opens in your browser, select File -> Save As to save it.)
Click on image to view larger version.


Figure 1


Fig. 1. The Primary (pre-treatment) and Secondary (post-treatment) humoral immune responses (means ± s.d.) to tetanus and diphtheria antigens in red knots subjected to different Experimental Treatments. The treatment was almost identical for all birds up to the Primary response (see text). The week before the Secondary response was measured, Flyers (N=6) flew the equivalent of 1500 km in a wind tunnel. Failed Flyers (N=5) were birds originally assigned as Flyers that refused to fly for long periods in the wind tunnel. Controls (N=8) did not fly in the wind tunnel. The long flights had no detectable effect on the humoral immune response of the birds. Humoral immune responses were measured as the antigen-specific antibody response using a kinetic ELISA. A higher antibody titer against a specific antigen was detected as a faster colour change over time [measured in milli Optical Densities (mOD) min–1], which is equivalent to more antibodies specifically bound to the antigen.





Right arrow Return to article