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Figure 4


Fig. 4. (A) A black and white image showing the position of the sandeel (arrow) in the sediment. Broken line indicates the sediment water interface. (B) The corresponding oxygen image, showing the O2 distribution in the sediment around the buried sandeel. The fish sustained its oxygen requirements by advection of normoxic water from above the surface and into the mouth by gill ventilation, thus creating a `funnel' of oxygenated sediment. During this mode of ventilation a mean of 86.2±4.8% (N=7) of the oxygen in the inspired water was extracted, and a strongly O2-depleted (average of 11.4±6.0%, N=7) plume surrounded the gill area. 1 and 2 refer to profiles in C. (C) Extracted oxygen profiles from the oxygen image showing the vertical O2 distribution and penetration depths at two different positions indicated by the vertical lines in B. The oxygen penetration in profile 1 is clearly affected by the actively ventilating fish whereas profile 2 is only shaped by the diffusive mediated microbial O2 consumption of the sediment.





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