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Fig. 3. The escape response to looming stimuli. (A) Each trace corresponds to the
distance covered by a different animal during 10 s, starting from the
beginning of the stimulus presentation at the right side. Different animals
run different distances. However, when normalized to the maximum value, the
time courses of all responses are remarkably similar (B). The response then
can be divided into four distinguishable phases (for further details see the
text and Movie 1 in supplementary material). The dotted line signals the time
at which the virtual object would collide with the animal. N=18, one
trial per crab.