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Fig. 11. Temporal relationship between the neuronal and the behavioral response to
the looming stimulus. Peristimulus time histograms show (A) the mean (±
s.e.m.) running speed of the animals and (B,C) the mean (± s.e.m.)
spike rate of M1 (B) and M2 (C) neurons, calculated over 100-ms bins and
plotted against time during the object approach. (D) Angular size and (E)
speed of expansion of the looming object. Arrowheads mark the beginning of the
stimulus expansion; the dotted line marks the moment at which the escape
behavior was initiated; the broken line indicates the moment when the stimulus
reached its maximum expansion and velocity; the vertical solid line marks the
point in time at which collision would have occurred; arrows in B and C point
to the neuronal activity 120 ms before the first movement of the animals.
Behavioral data are from 14 crabs (one trial per crab). Neurophysiological
data are from 19 trials recorded from a total of 10 M1 neurons and 18 trials
from 13 M2 neurons, each neuron from a different animal (i.e. no more than 2
records per crab were included).
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